國中小資優生與普通生休閒生活現況與關聯模式之比較研究

Comparison of Current Leisure Life and Relational Models between Gifted and Regular Students of Taiwan’s Junior High and Elementary School

李偉清

指導教授 ： 吳武典

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/特殊教育學系/博士(2007年)

摘要

本研究旨在了解資優生與普通生的「休閒生活」現況及關聯模式，並比較兩者在「休閒生活」七大面向（「休閒時間」、「休閒內容」、「休閒地點」、「休閒同伴」、「休閒選擇自由」、「休閒理由」和「休閒滿意度」）現況與影響模式上之差異情形。
本研究以自編的「學生休閒生活現況調查問卷」，針對台灣本島國中小的資優生與普通生進行問卷調查研究，採分層隨機與叢集取樣合併的抽樣方式，共獲得有效問卷2,238份，依據分析的需要，將此一樣本隨機分成三等分。首先以第一組樣本作項目分析與探索性因素分析，以尋找最佳的理論建構及最適切的題目，結果顯示因素結構良好具有建構效度，且信度考驗均達到令人滿意的標準。其次，合併這三組樣本進行描述性統計、卡方考驗及變異數分析等，以了解資優生與普通生「休閒生活現況」之異同。再者，以第二組樣本進行結構方程模式（含驗證性因素分析），來評鑑蒐集的資料是否適配本研究所提出之理論模式，並以第三組樣本做此一模式的複核效化，結果顯示本研究的「休閒生活關聯模式」經修正後適配度良好，且修正模式具有穩定性與預測性，是一個有效的模式。最後，再進行多群組分析比較，結果發現資優生與普通生的「休閒生活關聯模式」並不相同。
本研究之重要結論臚列於下：
一、「學生休閒生活現況調查問卷」為一具有信效度之自陳問卷，可用以評量學生的「休閒生活現況」。
二、資優生和普通生在「休閒生活現況」的七大面向皆有顯著的不同，其中在「藝文類的休閒內容」、「藝文類的休閒地點」、「休閒時間量、休閒時段與休閒活動的休閒選擇自由」等方面，資優生均顯著高於普通生；但在「社交性與勝任熟練性的休閒理由」、「生理滿意的休閒滿意度」等方面，資優生均顯著低於普通生。
三、資優生和普通生的「休閒生活關聯模式」並不相同，造成兩者模式的差異，主要是源於資優生和普通生在「社交類」休閒參與的不同，其次依序是「體能類」休閒參與的不同和「週間」平均每天休閒時間量的不同所致。

關鍵字

資優 ； 資優生 ； 休閒 ； 休閒生活 ； 休閒滿意度

並列摘要

The purpose of this dissertation was to compare the differences of current leisure life and its relational models between gifted and regular students of the junior high and elementary school in Taiwan. Seven aspects of leisure life and influenced models, including leisure time, leisure activities, leisure places, leisure buddies, freedom to choose leisure activities, reasons for leisure activities, and satisfaction of leisure activities were discussed in this study.
A self-designed questionnaire, Questionnaire of current situation of leisure life for students, was used to survey gifted and regular students of the junior high and elementary school in Taiwan. 2,238 valid samples were collected by the stratified random sampling and cluster sampling. The samples were divided into three sets by a random procedure. The first sample set was analyzed by item analysis and exploratory factor analysis to look for the best theoretical construction and most appropriate items. The results showed that the factors had great structures and there were construction validities in this scale. The reliabilities of the data were satisfactory, too. The three samples were then combined and analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square, analysis of variance, in order to understand the differences of leisure life between gifted and regular students. Moreover, the second sample set was analyzed by structure equation modeling, including confirmatory factor analysis, to evaluate the goodness of fit between collected data and proposed theoretical model in this study. The cross-validation was tested by the third sample set. The results showed that the corrected relational model of leisure life was a stable, predictive and valid model. Finally, the second sample set was analyzed by multi-group analysis. The results showed that the relational model of leisure life between gifted and regular students was different.
The major conclusions of this study included:
1. Self-designed questionnaire, Questionnaire of current situation of leisure life for students, has good reliabilities and validities. It can be used to evaluate the current leisure life of students.
2. There were significant differences in all of seven aspects of current leisure life between gifted and regular students. Gifted students surpassed regular students in leisure activities and places of literature and art, freedom to choose leisure time and leisure time slots. Regular students surpassed gifted students in reasons for social intercourse and competence-proficiency, and leisure satisfaction about physical satisfaction.
3. There were differences in relational models of leisure life between gifted and regular students, mainly resulted from the participation in of social intercourse activities. Other factors causing the differences were the participation in physical vigor activities, and the average daily leisure time during non-holidays.

並列關鍵字

gifted ； gifted students ； leisure ； leisure life ； leisure life satisfaction

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