國中國文教科書性別意識型態之研究

A Study of Gender Ideology in Chinese Textbooks of Junior High School

呂美蓮(Lu Meil-Lien)

指導教授 ： 黃純敏

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討國中國文教科書性別意識型態分布情形，以便了解課文中背後的潛藏性別意識。本研究以三大版本(南一、康軒、翰林)作為分析對象，採內容分析法，針對教科書中內文及圖片，將性別偏見的類型分為：語文偏見、刻板印象、比例不均、以及偏差失衡四大類進行分析。研究發現有以下七點結論：
一、在教科書中，對性別的用語，仍以單一性別為主。
二、在男女人格特質上的表現，在外表形象上有明顯的差異，存在著刻板印象；在性格特質上，彼此仍有差異，唯在男性偏向女性化特質上，有顯著的差異。
三、職業角色分工明顯存有刻板印象：男性職業多元化，女性職業形象被窄化。
四、家庭角色仍呈現男外女內的分工型態，女性幾乎扮演照顧家庭、受支配的角色，仍舊呈現出傳統社會性別刻板與僵化的情形。
五、在作者人數、插圖以及題文與內文主要男女比例上，男性出現的次數遠多於女性，女性受到忽視是明顯的，整體上性別比例呈現性別懸殊的現象。
六、教科書傑出人物的舉例，多半以男性為主。
七、女性在社會貢獻所舉的範例與被提及次數以及對社會的貢獻，明顯被忽略與排擠。
最後根據研究結論，本研究針對教科書編製、教師教學及後續研究的方向分別提出具體建議。

關鍵字

性別 ； 意識型態 ； 教科書

並列摘要

The main purpose of the study was to explore the situation of gender ideology in junior high school’s Chinese textbooks to comprehend it hid from the text. The subjects of this study were three different editions published by Nan-I Press, Kang-Hsuan Press, and Han-Lin Press. The study used content analysis method, focused on the contents and graphics in the textbooks which were classified into four types of gender bias: linguistic bias, stereotype, out of proportion and imbalance.
The results of this study were listed as following:
1. The pronouns of gender in the textbooks are mostly single-gender.
2. There is a stereotype of gender in their character images, and the character of man and woman are different. But there are some prominent diversities of the man having feminine characteristics.
3. There is obvious stereotype in work field－the occupation for men are more diversified, while women’s jobs are limited.
4. The domestic labour work is also dominated by stereotype, such as “Men are breadwinners; women are homemakers”, and women’s role are classified as taking care of the family and be obedient, such a condition still presents the conventional and rigidness of society.
5. There is huge contrast in the proportions of gender in the textbooks about the number of authors, graphics and titles, men appeared more than women and the women are disregard obviously.
6. The examples of distinguished person in the textbooks are male authors mostly.
7. The examples about female contribution to society are apparently neglected and nearly mentioned.

According to the research results, this study provided some specific suggestions for textbook redaction, teacher teaching, and instructions of ulterior research.

並列關鍵字

gender ； ideology ； textbook

參考文獻

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黃譯瑩(2000)。「開放」之後，九年一貫課程中教科書的再建構：以社會學習領域為例。師大學報，45（2），17-36。