以環境教育的觀點建構生物多樣性教育的行動概念

Constructing action concepts of biodiversity education with environmental education perspective.

曾聰賢

指導教授 ： 王順美博士

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

自1992年地球高峰會簽署了「生物多樣性公約」以來，生物多樣性成為全球最受重視的環境議題之一，但生物多樣性的流失快速，唯有透過全體人類共同的參與及投入，才是生物多樣性保育唯一的出路。但生物多樣性的概念多而複雜，哪些是重要且有助於提升行動力的概念，在推動大眾生物多樣性教育上甚為關鍵。
過去概念的研究大多以德懷術的方式，透過專家問卷反覆的調查得到相對主觀的結果，但在每次問卷中，概念如何被挑選則不得而知。本研究之特色在於以研究者為工具，豐富詳實的紀錄整個過程，先以質的分析獲得生物多樣性教育的重要概念，再由環境教育的相關研究中找出影響環境行動的重要影響因素，並由行動知識、環境素養、環境教育目標內涵的相關研究中對照出篩選原則，透過篩選取得有助於提升大眾生物多樣性保育的意願及行動之概念，最後經過三角檢定及專家意見的修正而完成，共得五大主題二十四條行動概念，以提供給從事大眾生物多樣性教育的教學者、課程設計者或方案規劃者參考。
五大主題內容如下：
一、使大眾瞭解何謂生物多樣性及其重要性：內含五條概念，傳達生物多樣性中所有變異的重要以及生物多樣性對人類及環境的重要關連。
二、使大眾覺察並瞭解生物多樣性的危機：內含四條概念，傳達生物多樣性因人類的行為及其交互影響之下以加成的速度消失。
三、培養大眾正確的生物多樣性價值觀：內含六條概念，包括欣賞生物多樣性之美及價值、關懷與尊重其固有價值、欣賞與認同不同文化、關懷未來世代以及拋開人類中心主義的思想等，以賦予大眾對於生物多樣性保育的責任。
四、使大眾瞭解生物多樣性保育的行動面向與策略：內含七條概念，傳達減少生物多樣性的喪失的重要面向，包括社會層面與個人層面，並傳達出成功的希望。
五、使大眾瞭解到環境正義的彰顯有助於減少生物多樣性的破壞：內含二條概念，傳達落後國家及弱勢族群的貧窮、生存及被剝削等問題，亦會影響生物多樣性。

關鍵字

生物多樣性 ； 環境教育

並列摘要

Abstract

Since the Convention on Biological Diversity was signed in the Earth Summit of 1992, biodiversity becomes the most important environmental issue around the globe, but the number of species drops so fast that biodiversity can be kept only if every man participates in the effort to conserve it. However, concepts related to biodiversity are so various and complex that it’s essential that the public education in biodiversity focuses on concepts that can move the public to take action for biodiversity conservation.

In the past, the researches about concepts were always done with the Delphi Technique, with various questionnaires wrote by experts and with relatively subjective results, but we couldn’t know why specific concepts were chosen for specific questionnaires. The researcher in this research is to be a tool, simply recording the process of analysis and choice in detail. Next a qualitative analysis of the literature of biodiversity helped the researcher find important concepts related to the education in biodiversity. Then important factors in environmental action discussed in relevant researches were studied. Lastly, a screening principle was formed by studying researches related to practical knowledge, environmental literacy, and the goals of environmental education. This screening principle was then used to select concepts that help move the public to engage in conserving biodiversity. Adjusted after a final triangular test and incorporating experts’ opinions, this research concludes with five major themes and 24 concepts that help promote biodiversity education, that help educators, course planners, or project designers who offer public education in biodiversity.
The five major themes are:
1. Help the public understand what biodiversity means and its importance: including concepts like showing the importance of all variation of biodiversity and the significance of biodiversity for mankind and environment.
2. Help the public become aware of the danger of losing biodiversity: including concepts like explaining how biodiversity disappears at the speed of addition, under the human behavior and its mutual influence.
3. Help the public accept values related to biodiversity: including concepts like the appreciation for the beauty and value of biodiversity; care and respect for its intrinsic value; the appreciation for and recognition of different cultures; care for the future generation; abandonment of anthropocentricism,etc, to give public the responsibility for biodiversity conservation.
4. Help the public understand the action and tactics that can be taken for biodiversity conservation: including concepts like teaching important strategies that prevent the loss of biodiversity, including social and personal strategies, and spreading the hope for success.
5. Help the public understand pushing for environmental justice helps minimize the loss of biodiversity: including concepts like, exposing the problems of poverty and exploitation of the underprivileged and of people in undeveloped countries, together with the impact of the problems on biodiversity.

並列關鍵字

Biodiversity ； Environmental Education

參考文獻

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