學生飲食行為及相關因素之探討以新北市汐止區某國小為例

本研究之目的在探討國小五、六年級學生之社會人口學因素與飲食行為現況，以及身體意象與飲食行為之關係。以新北市汐止區109學年就讀於某國小五、六年級全數學生為研究母群體，採用立意取樣方式進行問卷調查，共得有效問卷共179份，有效問卷回收率為100%，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森績差相關分析以及複回歸等統計方法進行研究分析。本研究重要結果如下: 一、過重及肥胖者的受試者約三成二，在重要他人支持以「父母及家人」為主，而經常提醒的項目是「多吃蔬菜水果」及「少喝糖飲料」。受試者的飲食行為的平均得分高於平均水平，其中以「每天吃早餐」、「口渴時選擇白開水」及「每天固定吃三餐，不會省略某一餐」等表現較好；表現較差以「喝含糖飲料」、「吃零食」及「會在晚上八點以後吃東西」等，有待改進。二、研究結果顯示，女孩的飲食行為優於男孩，中等社會經濟家庭的學生較高，社會經濟家庭較高的學生次之;重要的其他人（父母和家庭成員）對學生的飲食行為越支持，飲食行為則表現越好。此外，受試者的身體意象越積極，他們的表現就越好。三、研究對象之社會人口學變項及身體意象可以有效預測飲食行為，並解釋其總變異量的18.6 % ，其中以「性別」、「家庭社經地位」、重要他人支持中的「父母及家人」及「外表取向」為主要預測變項，且以「外表取向」影響最大。結果顯示，研究對象為女性、高家庭社經地位者、父母及家人對自己的外表更支持，對自己的外表有更高的取向，飲食行為更好。根據研究結果，建議學校對學生進行正確的體型認知和飲食行為輔導，讓家長參與對學齡兒童飲食行為的介入，實施親職教育，讓家長成為孩子學習行為榜樣。

關鍵字

國民小學；身體意象；五六年級學生；飲食行為

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlates of demo graphy, body image, and dietary behavior among the the senior students of elementary sc hool in NEW Taipei city. The study population consisted of 5th and 6th graders in NEW Taipei City that in 109 school year sample was gener-ated by using Intention al sampling method. The respondents were asked to complete a structured questi onnaire. A total of 179 validated questionnaires collected with 100% of effectivera te.The research and analysis were conducted by statistical methods such as descr iptive statistics, single-factor analysis of variance, Pearson's poor performance cor relation analysis, and multiple regression.Important results of this research are as follows: 1.There were 32.4% of the respondents as being overweight and obesity.Especially, with the support of "parents and family members" as the main, which "eat more fru its and vegetables" and "drink less sugary drinks" were often reminded. The avera ge score of the dietary behavior was slightly higher than the median which indicate d the dietary behavior was more than moderate. Among all of the subjects,"Eating breakfast every day", "The snack is not for normal meal",“Three meals a day with out missing one" were the better performance. On the other hand, "sugary drinks", "snacking" and " will eat after 8 pm, etc." were underperformance which should be improved. 2. The results indicated that girls had better dietary behavior than boys. And the st udents with middle- and social-economic status is higher, followed by those fro m high-social-economic families; backgrounds had better dietary behavior than the students with lower social economic backgrounds. The objects performed bet ter with more support from (parents and family) on the dietary behaviors. Moreov er, the higher satisfaction of body image, and the dietary behavior were better. 3.The result indicated that sociodemographic changes and body image can predict the dietary behavior. It explained 18.6% of the total variance. The major predictors were "gender", "social economic backgrounds", "peer’s support" and the" body satisfaction " of the body image, and the last predictor was the most influential. Th e results suggested that female, students with higher social economic background s, more peers’ support, students with higher satisfaction of his/her body parts ,ha ve better dietary behavior.