社會企業家人格特質之研究-以營利型為例

經濟合作暨發展組織認為社會企業是任何可以產生公共利益的私人活動，具有企業精神策略，以達成特定經濟或社會目標，而非以利潤極大化為主要追求，且有助於解決社會排斥及失業問題的組織。2014年9月行政院核定之「社會企業行動方案」，述明「社會企業」是指解決特定社會問題為核心目標的創新企業組織，透過一般商業營運而非捐贈的模式在市場機制中自給自足。其不僅可以增加就業機會，亦可達到社會公益的目的，以平衡社會發展。其中更將社會企業分為「非營利組織」及「營利組織」，「營利型社會企業」是由傳統企業的企業社會責任，發展轉型為社會企業，正好是J. Gregory Dees 所提出「社會企業光譜」中由右到左的歷程。人格特質是不同個體面對不同的環境或壓力時，為了適應而產生不同於他人的特殊行為與因應模式。臺灣企業有將近98%屬中小型企業，為整體經濟體系之主力；然而，面臨種種經濟環境的困境影響，許多中小企業仍能繼續實踐企業社會責任，與跨國企業互別苗頭，其原因就在於企業家精神。本研究之目的為探討「營利型社會企業家」之人格特質，以三到五位臺灣以中小企業風貌呈現的「營利型社會企業」的創辦人為研究對象，以深度訪談法為搜集資料的主要來源、MAXQDA質化資料分析軟體編碼歸納、輔以NEtS特質與人際風格評量佐證，將所得資料以質的研究法予以分析、歸納。由研究結果可得知在臺灣何種人格特質的企業主願意將公司的運作成為解決社會問題的一個環節，將社會大眾與社會弱勢族群連結，攜手共創多贏的局面。

關鍵字

社會企業；社會企業家；人格特質；中小企業；企業社會責任

並列摘要

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development that social enterprises are able to produce any private activity of public interest, with the spirit of enterprise strategy to reach a particular economic or social objectives, rather than into the main pursuit of profit maximization, and help solve social exclusion and unemployment organizational issues. When September 2014 the Executive Yuan approved "Social Enterprise Action Programme". The social enterprise into "non-profit organization" and "for-profit organization", and the "Profit-based social enterprise" is from the traditional corporate social responsibility, development and transformation of social enterprises. It's "social enterprise spectrum" from right to left in the process. Personality is different individuals face a different environment or pressure to produce different from the others in order to meet specific behavior and response patterns. Taiwanese companies have almost 98% small and medium enterprises, the main force for the overall economy. Faced with various difficulties affecting the economic environment, many SMEs still continue the practice of corporate social responsibility, the reason is entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the personality traits of the "profit-based social entrepreneurs." Study three to five SMEs in Taiwan will transition to "Profit-based social enterprise" of business owners, to a depth interviews as the main source of data collection, the use of "NEtS assessment amount" as a support tools, and the resulting data analysis and induction. The results can be learned what personality traits of entrepreneurs willing to become a part of the company's operations to solve social problems, and vulnerable together for a win-win situation.