新北市某行政區國小六年級學童身體意象與體重控制行為之研究

本研究旨在了解目前新北市某行政區國小六年級學生之身體意象與體重控制行為現況，及探討身體意象與體重控制行為之間的關係。以106學年度就讀於新北市某行政區國小六年級全數學生為研究母群體，採用多階段分層叢集隨機抽樣法共抽樣出14班級，有效問卷為272份，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析和複迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。歸納結果如下：一、本研究對象中自覺體位過輕者比實際體位過輕者少13人（4.8%），自覺體位過重及超重者比實際體位過重及超重者多7人（0.5%）。二、研究對象的身體意象和飲食行為都是屬於中等偏上程度，3種強度的身體活動幾乎都有參與。三、研究對象之身體意象以女生優於男生，實際體位適中者優於實際體位超重者，自覺體位適中者優於自覺體位超重者。四、研究對象之飲食行為以實際體位適中者優於實際體位過輕者；研究對象之身體活動以男生優於女生。五、研究對象之「自覺體位」與飲食行為呈現顯著負相關；「外表評價及取向」、「身體各部位滿意度」和身體意象整體與飲食行為皆呈現顯著正相關；研究對象之「性別」、「實際體位」和「自覺體位」與身體活動呈現顯著負相關。六、研究對象之「性別」、「實際體位」和「自覺體位」與體重控制行為呈現顯著負相關；「身體各部位滿意度」與體重控制行為呈現顯著正相關。七、研究對象之「外表評價及取向」和「身體各部位滿意度」能有效預測其飲食行為，並可解釋飲食行為總變異量的12%。「性別」能有效預測其身體活動，並可解釋身體活動總變異量的8%。「性別」能有效預測其體重控制行為，並可解釋體重控制行為總變異量的10%。

關鍵字

國小六年級學童；身體意象；飲食行為；身體活動；體重控制行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to understand the present state of body image and weight control behavior and to explore the relationship between body image and weight control behavior among sixth grade elementary school students in one district of New Taipei City. The study objects were all sixth grade elementary school students enrolled in 1st semester of 2017. A total of 14 classes were sampled by multistage stratified cluster random sampling and 272 valid questionnaires were collected. Statistical analysis were performed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The objects of study who believed themselves underweight were thirteen students（4.8%）less than those who were actually underweight. The objects of study who believed themselves overweight and obesity were seven students（0.5%）more than those who were actually overweight and obesity. 2. The body image and the dietary behaviors of the study objects were above middle to positive. Almost all objects engaged in three kinds of intensity of physical activity. 3. Girls had better body image than boys. The objects of study who had actually normal weight had better body image than those who had actually obesity. The objects of study who believed themselves normal weight had better body image than those who believed themselves obesity. 4. The objects of study who had actually normal weight had better dietary behavior than those who had actually underweight. Boys had better physical activity than girls. 5. Dietary behavior had significant negative correlation with "weight consciousness". Dietary behavior had significant positive correlation with "appearance assessment and orientation", "body satisfaction" and body image. Physical activity had significant negative correlation with "gender", "actual weight" and "weight consciousness". 6. Weight control behavior had significant negative correlation with "gender", "actual weight" and "weight consciousness". Weight control behavior had significant positive correlation with " body satisfaction ". 7. "Appearance assessment and orientation" and "body satisfaction" could effectively predict on dietary behavior. They explained 12% of the total variance on dietary behavior. "Gender" could effectively predict on physical activity. It explained 8% of the total variance on physical activity. "Gender" could effectively predict on weight control behavior. It explained 10% of the total variance on weight control behavior.