探討大專生身體質量指數、自尊、身體意象、社會影響因素與運動行為之相關研究

The Study of Correlation among University Students' Body Mass Index, Self-esteem, Body Image, Social Factors and Exercise Behavior

謝偉雄(Woei-Shung Hsieh)

《雲科大體育》 12期 (2010/01) Pp. 99-110

https://doi.org/10.6619/YKDTY.2010.12.8

摘要

本研究旨在探討大專生不同性別、身體質量指數在身體意象、社會影響因素、與運動行為與自尊的差異情形及各變項間的關係。研究工具包括個人背景資料、多向度身體關係問卷、社會影響因素量表、自尊量表。對1435位中華大學學生（男生為874位、女生為561位學生）進行施測，參與者平均年齡為20.17±1.59歲，身高為167.88±8.65公分，體重62.38±14.11公斤，身體質量指數為21.96±3.96。本研究以獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關進行資料分析。研究結果為：在身體意象之差異分析，大學女生在外表評價高於男生，男生在外表取向高於女生。不同性別在社會因素之比較：在雙親影響和同儕影響女生高於男生。在自尊、運動行為之比較，男生的得分高於女生。不同身體質量指數在身體意象之比較：外表評價，體重較輕組高於體重較重組、體重正常組高於體重較重組。外表取向，體重正常組高於體重較輕組和體重較重組。身體部位滿意度，體重較輕組得分高於體重較重組、體重正常組得分高於體重較重組。不同身體質量指數分組在社會因素之比較：雙親影響方面體重較輕組高於體重正常組和體重較重組，體重較重組高於體重正常組；同儕影響方面，體重較重組高於體重正常組、體重正常組高於體重較輕組。媒體影響，體重正常組高於體重較輕組，體重較輕組高於體重較重組。不同身體質量指數分組在運動行為與自尊之比較：在自尊沒有差異，運動行為之差異為體重較重組高於體重較經組，體重正常組高於體重較輕組。不同性別和身體質量分組在身體意象、社會影響因素、自尊、運動行為有顯著相關。本研究發現：男生比女生注重體力、體適能、和影響身體健康的觀念，女生則較容易受雙親影響和同儕影響而注重身高體重和身體健康.，肥胖者對身體意象表現較負面比較易受雙親和同儕影響而注重身材、飲食、外表，女學生比較在意身體吸引力、體重的控制與傳播媒體裡的體型的認同但不喜歡運動。

關鍵字

身體質量指數 ； 自尊 ； 身體意象 ； 社會影響因素 ； 運動行為

並列摘要

This study was to examine the differences of gender, Body Mass Index on university students'body image, social factors, exercise behavior, and self esteem, and the correlation with body image, social factors, exercise behavior and self esteem. The 1435 recipients (males874; females561) with mean age of 20.17±1.59 years; mean body high 167.88±8.65 cm and mean body weight 62.38±14.11kg administered with demographic data questionnaire, Multidimensional Body Self Relations.
Questionnaire (Wang, 2004), Social Influence Scale (Jah, 2001), and Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale (Wang, 2001). Data analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation found the following results: Female students were higher on appearance evaluation than males but males were higher on body orientation. Female students were higher on parent and companion influence than males but males were higher on self-esteem and exercise behavior. On appearance evaluation, lighter body weight group students were higher than heavier students and normal group higher than heavier group students. Lighter body weight group students were higher than heavier students and normal group ones were higher than heavier group students, on body satisfaction. Low BMI individuals were more influenced by parent than normal and high BMI ones, and so were high BMI students to normal BMI participants. High BMI students were more affected by companions than normal BMI ones, so were normal BMI to low BMI group. Normal BMI students were more influenced by media than high BMI ones, so were low BMI to high BMI group. There were no difference between separated BMI group on self-esteem of exercise participate behavior.
Heavier body weight group students were higher than lighter students and normal group higher than lighter group on exercise behavior comparison. Gender and separated BMI group correlated with body image, social factors, self-esteem and exercise behavior. Male students were more attentive on physique strength, fitness and health care concept. Female, influenced by parent and companion, were focus on body weight, height and health. High BMI students, negatively correlated with body image, took emphasize on body structure, diet and appearance by parent and companion influences. Female were more care about physical attraction, weight control and body structure identity that promoted by media but were not fond of exercise.

並列關鍵字

BMI ； body image ； self-esteem ； body image ； social factor exercise behavior