獨居老人健康促進生活型態與幸福感之研究-以臺北市大同區為例

本研究目的在探討獨居老人健康促進生活型態與幸福感及其相關因素。以臺北市大同區列冊的獨居老人為研究對象，有效問卷共計125份，研究工具包括社會人口學資料、自覺健康狀況量表、健康促進生活型態量表及幸福感量表。研究結果如下: 一、健康促進生活型態各分量表平均值得分由高至低之排序為營養、人際支持、自我實現、壓力處理、健康責任、運動，以營養分量表為第一，而排名最低為運動。二、研究對象在自覺經濟情形足夠者，幸福感得分較高；主要經濟來源如為靠社會補助者，幸福感得分較低。三、研究對象自覺經濟狀況較好的人，有較佳的幸福感。四、研究對象在自覺健康狀況、健康促進生活型態及幸福感構面上呈顯著的正相關。五、研究對象在健康促進生活型態六分量表，自我實現、健康責任、人際支持、運動、壓力處理、營養與幸福感皆呈顯著的正相關。亦表示健康促進生活型態各層次皆會影響幸福感，其中自我實現越與幸福感為高度相關。六、研究對象的社會人口學、自覺健康狀況及健康促進生活型態對幸福感之預測效果，可以解釋幸福感總變異量的感70.9%，顯著的預測變相為「婚姻狀況」、「自覺經濟狀況」、「主要經濟來源」、「自覺健康狀況」及健康生活型態中「自我實現」、「人際支持」及「運動」等七項。本研究建議社政、衛政及老人福利團體等工作人員在推動政策上，建立高齡長者師資庫，活用他們長年的知識、經驗與技術來貢獻社會，除了可以提供經濟來源，同時增加社會參與豐富生活內涵，提昇自我價值感，完成自我實現，以增加幸福感。

關鍵字

獨居老人；健康促進生活型態；幸福感

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the health-promoting lifestyle and well-being of elderly people living alone and their related factors. A total of 125 valid questionnaires were collected from the elderly living alone in Datong District of Taipei City. Research tools included sociodemographic data, self-conscious health status scale, health promotion lifestyle scale and well-being scale. The research results are as follows: 1. the health promotion lifestyle refers to the average score of the subscales from high to low as nutrition, interpersonal support, self-realization, stress management, health responsibility, exercise, with the nutrition subscale as the first, and the lowest ranking is exercise. 2. the research object is sufficient in the conscious economic situation, the well-being score is higher; the main economic source is the social subsidy, the well-being score is lower. 3. the research subjects who are conscious of better economic conditions have better well-being. 4. the research subjects showed a significant positive correlation in the conscious health status, health promotion lifestyle and well-being. 5. The research object showed a significant positive correlation between self-realization, health responsibility, interpersonal support, exercise, stress management, nutrition and well-being in the health-promoting lifestyle six-point scale. It also means that all levels of health promotion lifestyle will affect happiness, and self-realization is highly correlated with well-being. 6. The sociodemographics, conscious health status and health promotion lifestyle of the research object predict the effect of well-being. It can explain 70.9% of the total variation of well-being, and the significant predictions are disguised as "marital status" and "conscious economy." Seven conditions, namely, "self-realization", "interpersonal support" and "sports" in the "state", "main economic source", "conscious health status" and healthy lifestyle. This study suggests that the staff of the social, health and welfare groups and the elderly will promote the policy, establish a senior faculty library for senior citizens, and use their years of knowledge, experience and technology to contribute to society, in addition to providing economic resources and increasing social participation. Connotation of life, enhance self-worth, complete self-realization, increase well-being.