臺灣國小教科書封面設計創作研究以高年級為例

摘要教科書是最傳統的課程定義、課程核心，是學生在學校重要的學習材料，也是教師教學的依據，教科書除了內容知識是學生學習知識的媒介，而教科書封面視覺與功能設計是吸引學生翻閱的重要因素。本研究目的如下：探討比較各版本國小高年級教科書封面，設計特色與功能。探討現今臺灣各家出版公司，設計國小高年級教科書封面的設計構成元素、圖像應用與設計風格、書名文字造型、編排形式、色彩的應用與功能特色的差異性等。研究探討國小學生對教科書封面，設計表現形式與風格的喜好度。教科書為小學老師對學生傳授知識的媒介，而封面是學生接觸教科書的第一個印象，所以如何設計出能吸引學生探索翻閱進而喜愛讓這本書的封面，是教科書美術設計者相當重要的功課，學生的喜好度將可作為創作的參考為依據。根據以上研究結果，進行創新設計國小教科書封面設計，期望本創作研究能提供教科書之封面設計者、教師與審查單位參考。以文獻探討奠定理論基礎；分析書籍封面文字、圖像、色彩、版面編排形式及教學功能，藉由個案分析：整理105~106學年，臺灣與日本、韓國：國語、數學、自然、社會、藝文五個領域進行個案研究，編排與設計要素與版面編排形式的彙整：字體以明體字、黑體字、美術字三項為主，插畫以童趣奇幻的畫風居多，顏色則應用高彩度與高明度，並發現多數教科書封面均無教學與操作互動功能。在版面編排形式上，置中水平垂直分割及外圍方式，較常被運用於版面規劃上。文獻分析與個案研究，為求符合現行教科書送審機制，故取樣106學年臺灣三家教科書封面為題研究，最後經由分析統整結果配合課程內容進行創新設計，分為「創作想像型－紙與空間」與「互動探究型－學科操作」兩方向主題式設計，並設計簍空加工與雙封面方式吸引學生對課本探索與互動，增加學生的學習興趣。本研究結論與創作，提出對教科書封面設計者、審查單位、教師及後續研究者等四方面之建議，以為12年國教國小教科書封面編排設計之參考。

關鍵字

教科書；封面設計；操作互動

並列摘要

Abstract Textbooks are not only the most traditional definition and core of the curriculum, they are also the critical learning materials for students in the school and the base of teaching for teachers. The content of a textbook is the media for students to learn knowledge while the visual and functional design of a textbook is an important factor that attracts students to open the textbook. The purpose of this research is to explore as well as compare the cover, design features and functions of the textbooks of various editions for the upper grades of elementary school. In the research, the cover design components, the image application and design style, the book's title and font, the layout, color application and different functions of the textbooks for the upper grades of elementary school published by various publishing companies in Taiwan were discussed. The research explored the preference level of the students in elementary school for the cover, design representation and style of a textbook. A textbook is the media through which a teacher in elementary school passes on knowledge to the students while the cover is the first impression that the students have when they contacted the textbook. Therefore, how to design the cover of a textbook that can attract students to open it and further, like it would be critical for the art designer of textbooks; on the other hand, the preference level of the students could be the reference for creation. Based on the research results mentioned above, we then conducted the innovative design for the cover of the textbooks used by upper grades in elementary school, in hopes of this innovative research being able to provide the reference for the textbooks' covers designers, the teachers, and the reviewing authority. The research had the literature review as the theoretical basis and then proceeded to analyze the font of textbooks' covers, images, colors, editing layouts, and functions by the case study. The case study is in Taiwanese, Japanese, and Korean textbooks for the academic year of 2016 ~ 2017, and the five areas of national language, mathematics, nature, and art were analyzed. We have also compiled the design elements and various editing layouts. The results showed that the fonts are mostly MingLiU, boldface letters, and art words, while the illustrations are mostly with styles of childlike interests and fantasy, and the colors tend to be high color saturation and brightness. It was also found that most of the textbooks' covers do not have the functions for teaching and interactive operation. Regarding the editing layout, centered with horizontal and vertical segmentation as well as the surrounding forms are normally applied on the layout planning. To be in line with present mechanism of submitting the textbook for review, the research had the sampling from the textbooks' covers by three publishers in Taiwan, and then proceeded to the curriculum-based innovative designing by the analyzed and summarized results. The thematic designs have two directions, namely "Creative imagination - paper and space" and "Interactive exploration - subject operation"; and openwork as well as dual covers were designed to attract the students to explore and interact with the textbook in order to enhance their learning interest. The results of this research and the creation have provided the recommendations to the designers for textbooks' covers, reviewing authority, teachers, and the following researchers as the references for the editing and design in the textbooks' covers for elementary school in the 12-year compulsory education.