柔道運動員培養之關鍵因素

在世界上各個國家有著不同的特性以及民族性，經過數以千年的變化以致衍生了許多不同的運動項目，在熱的國家有沙灘排球，冷的國家有冰上滑雪等等種類繁多不及備載。台灣在國際上比較知名的運動有跆拳道、桌球、網球、羽球、棒球、籃球、舉重，以上都是台灣在世界上知名的運動項目，當大家在電視、報章雜誌、網路等看到運動員成功之後的光環，卻沒人真正了解運動員背後付出的心血以及努力是多麼的辛酸與辛苦。其實台灣還有很多運動項目沒有被重視，都還是需要政府以及各方企業多多扶持，使各項運動員更加積極、努力，進而替台灣甚至替自己專長項目被重視。如何正確的培養一位運動員是對運動員相當重要的知識，運動員不僅僅是體能與技術上面的訓練而已，還有心理素質、分析能力等等需要兼備，歸類出4項歸類締結來研討如何培養運動員的因素： (1) 培訓因子；(2) 心理因子；(3) 強化因子；(4) 環境因子。此次所研究的是柔道運動員養成之關鍵因素，柔道還未能在國際上替台灣爭取到一些漂亮的國際賽事成績以致知名度不夠，深入訪談到成績優秀且在教育界也多有貢獻的教練，了解他們在運動員時期如何經營自己並且比別人優秀的方法與方式，並將訪談結果利用質性研究的紮根理論進行編碼，歸納出培養運動員需要那些基本的必要條件與充分條件才能使之成為優秀，希望能透過此次的研究結果，讓不同運動項目卻有相同榮譽心的運動員能有明確的訓練養成方式與方法，使自己的運動成績更上一層樓，也期許更多冷門的運動項目能在國際舞台上更加發光發熱。

關鍵字

運動員；柔道；訓練；心理；紮根理論

並列摘要

Different countries have different characteristics and nationalities. After thousands of years of change, many different sports have been derived. There are beach volleyball in hot countries, cold countries have ice skiing and so on. In Taiwan, internationally known sports include Tae Kwon Do, table tennis, tennis, badminton, baseball, basketball and weightlifting. These are Taiwan’s well-known sporting events in the world. When everyone saw success in television, newspapers and magazines, and on the Internet, etc. After the halo, nobody truly understood the hard work behind the athletes and how bitter and hard it was to work hard. In fact, there are still many sports programs in Taiwan that have not been valued. They still need the support of the government and all parties, so that all athletes are more active and hard working, and they are even more important for Taiwan and even for their own specialty projects. How to properly train an athlete is a very important knowledge for athletes. Athletes are not only trained in physical fitness and technology, but also have psychological quality, analytical ability, and so on. They need to be classified and concluded. Factors in training athletes: (1) Training factors; (2) Psychological factors; (3) Enhancement factors; (4) Environmental factors. This time, the study focused on the key factors for the development of judo athletes. Judo has not yet won international competitions for some beautiful international events. As a result, in-depth interviews have been made with coaches who have achieved excellent results and have made more contributions in education. Understand how they manage their own and better than others in the athletes' time. We will use the grounded theory of qualitative research to code the results of interviews. We will conclude that training for athletes requires those basic necessary conditions and sufficient conditions to make them outstanding. It is hoped that through the results of this study, athletes with the same honour in different sporting events can have clear methods and methods for training and training, so that their sports performance can be upgraded to a higher level, and more unpopular sports items can be expected to The international stage is even more glowing.