Houjing, located in Nanzih District is an industrial capital in the northern part of Kaohsiung.. Having Kaohsiung Oil Refinery and Nanzih Export Processing Zone, it is also an old settlement with traditional features. Houjing changed from a Agricultural Settlement consist of Surrounding and Consanguinity in Ching(Qing) Dynasty into a Industry Settlement consist of complex population structure at present.Besides internal factor of Settlement economic development, External forces of nation and Globalized economy etc. acts as well there. By using the perspective of political ecology and the model of explanation chain, the study discusses how agricultural-based Houjing is influenced and then transforms its ways of main type of population and economic structure from international, national and local scales.