台灣單車旅行書寫研究

本文以台灣單車旅行書寫為研究主題，以旅人騎乘單車旅行國內或國外所寫下的遊記散文作品為主要研究對象。隨著1990年代起台灣旅行風氣日盛，帶動旅行相關書籍的出版，這些書籍的內容，由實用取向的旅行指南或旅行圖文書，走向具有文學深度與價值的散文創作。1997、1998年中華航空與長榮航空舉辦的旅行文學獎，是影響旅行文學創作與旅行文學相關研究的關鍵。台灣現代散文研究興起了一股「旅行文學熱」，旅行文學的內涵與定義被熱烈討論著。一般認為深刻的旅行文學反映旅人的主體經驗，與「他者」的交會之下所產生的內在性變化，並透過返家後的寫作，將異地行腳的自我觀照及反思轉化為文字。早在1984年，台灣單車騎士胡榮華在國內旅行風氣尚處萌芽之際，便完成全球跨騎的壯舉，寫下一系列單車旅行遊記。跟隨他的步伐，1990年代以後，跨國、跨洲的台灣單車旅人絡繹不絕，寫下他們在這一段生命的出走中，如何探索、轉換、成就自我主體，在旅行書寫創作上佔有一席之地。另一方面，隨著綠能運輸與環境議題受到重視，騎士們也不忘關懷自身所處的台灣，展開他們的單車「在地旅行」，寫下他們對於土地的關愛，表達對生活環境的訴求。建立在騎士們深刻踩踏經驗下，這些作品有著單車旅人獨特的體察。本文先由騎士所書寫的空間經驗切入文本內容的探究，「空間」指的不只是具體實有的存在，也可能是各種經驗的抽象空間。單車騎士在旅行中不斷與自己對話，與自己熟悉的出發地作比較，對記憶中的空間有追索、有反思。單車旅人移動過程中觀看的視角也有所不同，有的將單車旅行視為一「自由國度」，有的在旅行中反覆確認「地方」的真實意義，有的騎士則把旅行視為一種有形、也是無形藩籬的跨越。關於生命中的單車之旅，單車騎士在旅行過程中建立自我認同，引發深層內在自我的再認識。其中「性別」因素更影響了單車旅行經驗與書寫，男性與女性騎士的相異之處一是表現在自我主體的追求，二是反映出傳統價值觀給予「性別」的刻板印象。單車旅人有所追尋，不論這趟單車之旅是冒險、是瀟灑，不論男性或女性騎士，「自我信念」的重新思考都讓他們完整了自己的生命。進一步研究「性別意識」之下所造成的書寫差異，可反映出台灣單車遊記作品中豐富的面向，而單車旅行書寫散文實有與社會文化、時代關係密切之處。

關鍵字

旅行書寫；單車騎士；單車旅行；單車遊記；女遊書寫

並列摘要

The topic of this thesis focuses on cycling travel writing by analyzing travels and prose written by domestic and international cycling travelers. In 1990s, traveling becomes more and more popular, which encourages the increasing publication of travel books. The content of travel books changes from practical travel guides or illustrated books to creative proses filled with literary depth and value. The China Airline and the Eva Airline held the travel literature awards in 1997 and 1998, which played a key role in influencing relevant studies of travel literature and its creative writing. Studies of Taiwan’s contemporary prose upsurges a trend toward “travel literature fever”, which fosters the discussion of the meaning and the definition of travel literature. Generally speaking, profound travel literature reflects traveler’s subjective experience which is his or her internal variation out of his or her interaction with the others. Such experience and reflection is turned into words after the journey. In 1984, the bicyclist Ronghua Hu (胡榮華) has completed the international tour by bike and written a series of cycling travels. Following his lead, more and more cycling travelers have experienced cross-nation and cross-continent journey and written down their stories about how to explore, transform, and complete their selfness. This kind of writing becomes a heat in creative writing of travel literature. In addition, following the trend of green transportation and environmental issue are upheld, bicyclists also care about their hometown, Taiwan, and carry out local cycling tour. They write down their care and love to this land and deliver the demands of environmental conservation. This kind of work has cycling travelers’ specific observation based on their profound cycling journey. This thesis starts from exploring bicyclists’ writing about their space experiences. Space refers to not only tangible existence but also all kinds of intangible space derived from experiences. Bicyclists talk to themselves consistently during the journey and compare where they travel with where they are from. As to their memorial space, they have explorations and reflections. The perspectives of bicyclists are diverse. Some take cycling travel as a “free kingdom”. Some confirm back and forth the real meaning of “locality”. Others take travel as a crossover of tangible or intangible hedges. Regarding cycling travel of life, bicyclists shape their own identity during the journey and ignite profound re-recognition of internal selfness. Among them, the factor of gender influences cycling travel writing and experiences. The differences between male and female bicyclists are shown in two perspectives. One is shown as the pursuit of selfness. The other is shown as a reflection of the stereotype of gender derived from traditional value. Bicyclists have something to pursue that no matter this journey is adventurous or causal; no matter the bicyclist is male or female, the reconsideration of selfness makes them fulfill their respective lives. Studying further different writing derived from gender consciousness can present the diversity of cycling travel literature in Taiwan. The prose and the writing of cycling travel are heavily influenced by societal culture and the era.