臺灣大學生個人傳統性/現代性與對諮商、民俗療法的求助態度之相關及其中介效果探討研究

Taiwanese university students’ individual traditionality-modernity and attitudes towards counseling and indigenous healing

穆磊(Michael John Mullahy)

指導教授 ： 陳秉華 ； 林世華

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205327

摘要

在臺灣本土文化場域，民俗療法已具備完整的體系與規模，且經常用來處遇個人心理方面的困擾。相較之下，臺灣心理諮商專業的發展歷史較短，學者普遍認爲諮商專業內涵深受西方文化的價值觀影響，在臺灣文化脈絡中，顯得格格不入。在臺灣本土發展的個人傳統性/現代性理論常被用來解釋社會層級的現代化與個人層級的傳統性/現代性的雙向關係。本研究旨在探討臺灣大學生的傳統性/現代性在解釋其心理諮商/民俗療法求助態度的適用性，進而探討上述解釋關係可能的中介變項。
本研究主要採用典型相關分析與多元中介分析兩種方法來處理223位研究對象在問卷上的反應資料。主要獲得的研究結果如下：
（一）兩組傳統性/現代性的線性組合分數與心理諮商/民俗療法求助態度的線性組合分數均達統計顯著水準。
（二）典型相關分析結果顯示：
a. 傳統性分數與所知覺求助民俗療法價值分數、所知覺求助民俗療法羞恥分數呈現正相關；與求助心理諮商分數呈現負相關。
b. 現代性分數與求助心理諮商分數呈現正相關與所知覺求助民俗療法羞恥分數呈現負相關。
（三）預期效益分數與自我污名感分數可以顯著地中介解釋現代性分數與求助諮商態度之間的關係。社會污名感分數與自我污名感分數可以顯著地中介解釋傳統性分數與求助民俗療法的污名感之間的關係。
本研究進一步討論研究發現對於學理的意涵、與諮商實務的關聯、後續研究可能的建議、與本研究的限制。

關鍵字

求助行爲 ； 求助態度 ； 民俗療法 ； 個人現代性/傳統性

並列摘要

In Taiwan, indigenous healing is frequently utilized for treating physical and psychological distress, is well-integrated into local cultural worlds. In contrast, the field of counseling wasn’t legally established in Taiwan until 2001, and contains Western culture-bound values that may conflict with Taiwanese cultural values. The theory of individual traditionality-modernity was developed to explain the individual-level psychological changes in members of societies undergoing modernization. The purposes of this study were to explore the utility of traditionality-modernity in explaining Taiwanese university students’ attitudes towards counseling and indigenous healing and to investigate possible mediation effects in this relationship. Questionnaire data from 223 Taiwanese university students were analyzed using canonical correlation analysis and latent variable analysis (lavaan).
The main results were:
(1) The linear composite of traditionality and modernity had two significant canonical correlations (one large effect and one small effect) with the linear composite of counseling attitudes, indigenous healing value, and indigenous healing stigma.
(2) The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed:
a. Traditionality was associated with greater perceived value of indigenous healing, greater perceived stigma of indigenous healing, and more negative counseling attitudes.
b. Modernity was associated with more positive counseling attitudes and reduced perceived stigma of indigenous healing.
(3) The relationship between modernity and counseling attitudes was significantly mediated by anticipated utility and self-stigma, and the relationship between traditionality and indigenous healing stigma was significantly mediated by social stigma and self-stigma.
Theoretical implications of these findings, relevance for counseling practice, suggestions for future research, and limitations of this study are discussed.

並列關鍵字

help-seeking ； counseling attitudes ； indigenous healing ； individual traditionality-modernity

參考文獻

Ahern, E. M. (1975). Sacred and secular medicine in a Taiwan village: A study of cosmological disorders. In A. Kleinman, P. Kunstadter, E. R. Alexander, and J. L. Gale (Eds.), Medicine in Chinese cultures: Comparative studies of health care in Chinese and other societies (pp. 91-113). Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice Hall.

Allen, M. W., Ng, S. H., Ikeda, K. I., Jawan, J. A., Sufi, A. H., Wilson, M., & Yang, K. S. (2007). Two decades of change in cultural values and economic development in eight East Asian and Pacific Island nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(3), 247-269.

Alvidrez, J., Snowden, L. R., & Kaiser, D. M. (2008). The experience of stigma among Black mental health consumers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 19(3), 874-893.

Andrews, G., Issakidis, C., & Carter, G. (2001). Shortfall in mental health service utilization. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 417-425.