清代至日治中期臺灣的龍眼貿易與商人團體

本文旨在探討清代至1920年代臺灣龍眼貿易的發展，以及商人團體對於貿易的影響。清初，臺灣龍眼的貿易尚未興起，交易的規模較為零星、鬆散，僅有臺灣府城內有在進行龍眼的買賣。十九世紀初，臺灣龍眼貿易的規模逐漸擴大，範圍擴展到島內其他地區，烘焙龍眼乾技術的引進，促使龍眼可以進行長途運輸，並開始向輸往島外，嘉慶年間收入版圖的噶瑪蘭地區，也有龍眼的買賣出現。至此島內、島外的貿易網絡已然成形，更促使臺灣第一個以從事龍眼貿易的商人團體福員郊的成立。清末隨著臺灣開港後，新興市場的出現，臺灣龍眼對外輸出量大增，貿易對象更從中國擴展至美洲，市場圈更為擴大。 1895年面對去留臺灣問題，清代時成立的福員郊，在日治初期解散。而最後選擇根留臺灣的龍眼商人，有別於清代組織的經營模式，此時龍眼商人多半擔任仲介商的角色，成為日後掌控龍眼貿易的主要成員。1915年起，受到第一次世界大戰的影響，龍眼的輸出量大增，臺灣的龍眼商人意識到龍眼貿易景氣大好，而促使商業組織紛紛成立，包含原先清代的福員郊郊商重新聚集成立「嘉義福員郊」。1920年代，隨著戰爭的結束，原先的嘉義福員郊因應時局變化，重新改組「臺灣干龍眼同業組合」。

關鍵字

臺灣；龍眼；貿易；商人團體；郊

並列摘要

This article aims to explore the development of Taiwan's longan trade from the Qing Dynasty to1920s, as well as the impact of the trade merchant community. In the early Qing, the longan trade was not prospered in Taiwan. The transaction scale was scattered, loose, and only supported domestic sale in Tainan Taiwan. Till the early nineteenth century, the scale of longan business gradually expanded in Taiwan. It extended to other areas of the island. The introduction of technology for baking-dried longan promoted long-distance transport and urged Taiwan’s longan exports. In Kavalan region, which later became Qing’s territory in Jiaqing period, also found longan sale occurred. At this point, longan domestic and export network was already formed, and it expedited the establishment of Taiwan's first longan trade group, Fu Yuan Jiao(福員郊). In the late Qing, a new market showed up, which caused the longan’s export rose sharply since the port of Taiwan was opened. As its trading area was expanded from Mainland China to America, the whole market laps of Taiwan was enlarged. In 1895, facing to the issue of leaving Taiwan or not, the Fu Yuan Jiao, a logan trade group which established during the reign of Qing Dynasty was disbanded in the early Japanese-ruled period. For the merchants who decided to stay in Taiwan, their business model were different from the traditional merchant organization, thus they became an important role in controlling the longan trade. In 1915, under the impact of the World War I, the output of logan had a significant increase. Logan merchants in Taiwan were aware of the prosperity in longan trade, therefore, they started to push one after another business organization established, including the Fu Yuan Jiao which established during the reign of Qing Dynasty was now re-established in Chiayi by their old members. In the 1920s, along with the end of the War, due to the changed of the time, the Fu Yuan Jiao in Chiayi re-organized itself again as “Taiwan dreid logan association.”