吸氣肌熱身對高強度反覆衝刺運動表現與恢復時間之影響

目的：本研究探討吸氣肌熱身對隨後高強度反覆衝刺運動表現與恢復時間之影響。方法：以12名女性甲組足球運動員為受試對象 (年齡，20.1 ± 1.4歲，身高，1.61 ± 0.4公尺，體重，55.4 ± 4.3公斤)。採重覆量數且平衡次序之實驗設計，受試者須進行三種不同實驗處理，包括吸氣肌熱身處理 (inspiratory muscle warm-up, IMW)、安慰劑處理 (placebo, PLA)，與控制處理 (control, CON)。IMW與PLA是指分別以40%及15%的最大吸氣壓力 (maximum inspiratory mouth pressure, PImax)，進行2組30下的吸氣肌熱身，CON則不進行吸氣肌熱身。各實驗處理後，受試者須完成15 × 20公尺的高強度反覆衝刺運動測驗，每趟衝刺休息時間介於5至30秒之間，依據受試者在恢復時間範圍內的主觀感覺。實驗過程中，分析每趟衝刺時間、休息時間、血乳酸、RPE (rating of perceived exertion)、RPB (rating of perceived breathlessness)，以及腓腸肌的肌肉血氧飽和度。結果：在反覆衝刺測驗中的恢復後段 (11至15趟衝刺間的恢復時間)，IMW顯著低於CON (IMW vs. CON，20.5 ± 3.6 vs. 23.2 ± 3.2秒，p < .05)。反覆衝刺運動表現在三種實驗處理間則未達顯著差異。在反覆衝刺測驗後5分鐘的PImax，IMW顯著高於PLA與CON (IMW vs. PLA vs. CON, 102.2 ± 10.5 vs. 95.8 ± 9.7 vs. 94.1 ± 11.3 cmH2O, p < .05)。在反覆衝刺測驗後的RPE，IMW顯著低於PLA (RPE，IMW vs. PLA，13.8 ± 1.4 vs. 15.8 ± 2.1分，p < .05)。在反覆衝刺測驗後的RPB，IMW顯著低於PLA與CON (RPB，IMW vs. PLA vs. CON，4.6 ± 1.3 vs. 5.4 ± 1.6 vs. 5.6 ± 1.1分，p < .05)。然而，組織氧合指標 (TSI) 在反覆衝刺測驗中的前段 (1至5趟)，IMW顯著低於CON (IMW vs. CON, -9.60 ± 3.18 vs. -7.94 ± 3.01 %, p < .05)。結論：吸氣肌熱身能改善吸氣肌肌力與呼吸困難感覺，並促進高強度反覆衝刺後的恢復能力，然而，吸氣肌熱身活動可能會降低運動初期的肌肉氧飽和度。

關鍵字

熱身運動；恢復能力；肌肉血氧飽和度；運動表現

並列摘要

Purpose: To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle (IM) warm-up on subsequent high-intensity repeated sprint performance and recovery time. Methods: Twelve female Division I soccer players (age, 20.1 ± 1.4 yrs, height, 1.61 ± 0.4 m, body mass, 55.4 ± 4.3 kg) were recruited in this repeated measures and crossover designed study. All participants were requested to perform three different treatments, two sets of 30 breaths at 40% and 15% maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) were respectively peformed in inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) and placebo (PLA), but no IM warm-up activity was used in control (CON). After each treatment, all participants performed the repeated sprint test which consisted of 15 sprints of 20 meters with passive recovery. The recovery time of passive recovery, ranged from 5 to 30 seconds, was self-selected by participants based on their recovery feelings. The sprint time, recovery time, muscle oxygen saturation of gastrocnemius, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived intensity of breathlessness sensation (RPB) were measured during the experiments. Results: The recovery time during sprint 11–15 of repeated sprint test in IMW was significantly lower than that in CON (IMW vs. CON, 20.5 ± 3.6 vs. 23.2 ± 3.2 sec, p < .05). No significant differences were found on repeated sprint performance among trials. The PImax at 5-min after repeated sprint test in IMW was significantly higher than those in PLA and CON (IMW vs. PLA vs. CON, 102.2 ± 10.5 vs. 95.8 ± 9.7 vs. 94.1 ± 11.3 cmH2O, p < .05). The RPE immediately after repeated sprint test in IMW was significantly lower than that in CON (IMW vs. PLA, 13.8 ± 1.4 vs. 15.8 ± 2.1, p < .05). The RPB immediately after repeated sprint test in IMW was also significantly lower than those in PLA and CON (IMW vs. PLA vs. CON, 4.6 ± 1.3 vs. 5.4 ± 1.6 vs. 5.6 ± 1.1, p < .05). However, the tissue saturation index (TSI) in IMW during sprint 1–5 was significantly lower than that in CON (IMW vs. CON, -9.60 ± 3.18 vs. -7.94 ± 3.01 %, p < .05). Conclusion: IMW could improve inspiratory muscle strength and RPB, thus enhancing the recovery ability during high-intensity repeated sprints. However, the IMW activities might decrease the muscle oxygen saturation at the beginning of repeated sprints.