大學生以「拆解概念單元為閱讀標準」學習科學文本時的閱讀理解程度與自評準確度之研究

The effect of learning scientific texts with “self-generated idea unit standards” on college students’ reading comprehension and calibration accuracy

郭翠琴(KUO Tsui-Chin)

指導教授 ： 顏妙璇

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/科學教育研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203413

摘要

本研究基於Flavell（1979）、Nelson 與Narens（1990, 1994）的後設認知理論，應用Winne與Hadwin（1998）的自我調整學習模式（model of self-regulation）中的「評估標準」和「認知評價」以及Schraw（2009）提出的絕對準確指標（Absolute accuracy index）計算自我評估的準確度。延伸Dunlosky, Hartwig , Rawson 與 Lipko（2011）的實驗設計，以53位大學理工科，但非物理、化學本科系、非電子類科的學生為研究對象。其中，控制組有26位受試者，不介入任何教學；另外27位為實驗組，介入拆解概念單元方法的教學，請受試者自己拆解概念單元作為閱讀標準（即確認重要概念的依據），研究大學生以「拆解概念單元為閱讀標準」學習科學文本時的閱讀理解程度與自評準確度是否提升。分析實驗組，其閱讀理解後測（包含定義題和簡答題）的成績和自我評估準確度是否優於控制組？實驗組概念單元拆解技巧的學習和應用狀況是否會影響各項成績表現？結果顯示：在定義題方面，實驗組閱讀理解後測的成績以及自我評估準確度都顯著優於控制組。簡答題方面，實驗組成績略優於控制組，但是未達顯著；實驗組在簡答題的自我評估準確度與控制組也沒有顯著差異。另外，相關分析顯示：概念單元的拆解技巧學得越好，越能在作答或自我評估的時候應用概念單元的理念，閱讀理解後測的成績（包含：定義題和簡答題）也越好，定義題的自我評估準確度也越高；有應用概念單元作答，則定義題的總成績和自我評估準確度都比較高；有應用概念單元進行自我評分，則自我評估準確度都較高（包含定義題和簡答題）。

關鍵字

概念單元評估標準 ； 後設認知判斷 ； 自評準確度 ； 科學閱讀

並列摘要

Based on the metacognition theories of Flavell (1979), Nelson and Narens (1990, 1994), this study adopted the “evaluation standards” and “cognitive evaluation” in the “model of self-regulation” developed by Winne and Hadwin (1998) and ”Absolute Accuracy Index“ developed by Schraw (2009). Extending the experimental design of Dunlosky, Hartwig, Rawson, and Lipko (2011), fifty-three college students were recruited from Science and Engineering Departments, excluding those who major in Physics, Chemistry, and Electronic Engineering. The experimental group (n = 27) was instructed to learn from a scientific text with “self-generated idea unit standards”. The procedure of the experimental group started with an instruction of dividing each concept into several idea units, then the students themselves generated the idea units as a reading standard (i.e., the basis for ensuring conceptual understanding). The control group (n = 26) read the scientific text without any instruction. This study investigated whether reading comprehension (assessed by definition and short-answer questions) and calibration accuracy would be improved by generating idea units as a reading standard for the scientific text. The results showed that for definition questions, reading comprehension and calibration accuracy of the experimental group were significantly better than that of the control group. Concerning the short-answer questions, the experimental group performed slightly better than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in calibration accuracy between the experimental and the control groups. In addition, correlational analyses showed that with better skill to generate idea units during the instruction, these participants were more likely to apply the skill in the post-test and self-judgment, had better post-test scores and more accurate judgment.

並列關鍵字

idea unit standards ； metacognitive judgments ； calibration accuracy ； science reading

參考文獻

中文文獻

高琦玲、黃明月與陳學志（2007）。後設認知的監測判斷。德霖學報，21，425-434。

英文文獻

Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K.A., & McDonald, S. L. (2002). Influence of practice tests on the accuracy of predicting memory performance for paired associates, sentences, and text material. In T. Perfect & B. Schwartz (Eds.), Applied Metacognition (pp. 68-92). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., & Middleton, E. L. (2005). What constrains the accuracy of metacomprehension judgments? Testing the transfer-appropriate-monitoring and accessibility hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 52, 551-565.