網路營養資訊的使用詞彙與可讀性分析-以初次懷孕婦女為例

現今的社會中人們可以藉由網際網路為途徑，方便且快速的獲取大量營養與健康資訊但是資訊是否可靠值得重視，可信度較高的網站所提供的文本，通常是由受過專業訓練的人士如醫師、營養師等所寫出，但是專業人士所寫出的文本，難度通常需要高中以上閱讀能力，因此對於一般大眾來說，要閱讀專業人士所寫的文本是有一定的困難的，閱讀理解能力上的落差由此而生。為了降低這個落差並使本研究有最大的效益，本研究以初次懷孕婦女做為研究對象，如果這些懷孕婦女在需求最高的時候沒有辦法得到資訊上的滿足，或是因為獲得的資訊過於艱澀而無法理解，都可能對他未來扮演家中重要食物決策的角色產生負面影響。希望研究成果產出後能夠在各管道產生效應，使得健康資訊的產出能夠簡化，讓這些新手媽媽們受益。本研究分三階段，第一階段是對網路營養資訊進行內容分析，第二階段是對58位受試者進行營養詞彙測驗，測驗分數代表這些受試者對這104個營養專業詞彙的自我認知與實際認知程度，也同時代表對於詞彙的真實認知。第三階段共計有115位受試者，並有109個有效統計樣本，這群受試者隨機被分配在兩組，基本能力以簡易營養詞彙測驗與簡易健康知能測驗共同代表，兩組的差別在於分配不同設計的閱讀文本，受試者閱讀完畢之後會進行與內容有關的閱讀理解測驗，其分數結果表示文章的可理解性也就是此文本的可讀性分數。研究結果發現政府建構網站專業詞彙出現比率較高，孕產婦關懷網所使用的專有名詞比例6.8%（379中有26個）相較於媽媽寶寶網站1.4%（763中有11個），在使用的專有名詞以及專有名詞的使用率上的確有明顯的差異，政府建構的網站專有名詞使用率高於消費者健康主題網站。而初次懷孕婦女對營養專業詞彙認知程度接近中間值，受試者的自我認知和概念認知的表現息息相關，但是也有許多受試者錯估自我認知的情況造成自我與概念認知的差異，根據這些差異可以將詞彙分成｢被熟悉詞彙｣、｢艱澀詞彙｣、｢自我認知高估詞彙｣與｢低自信詞彙｣，根據不同的分類未來專業人士在寫作時應有不同的應對方式。最後，改變使用詞彙與加入註解對初次懷孕婦女探求之營養資訊可讀性沒有顯著的幫助，原因主要是因為題目有些部份設計不良而導致。本研究所設計之研究流程是可以操作的，但是詞彙測驗的設計與閱讀測驗的設計都有很多地方需要更加改進。不應採用單一詞庫進行專業名詞判斷，應該還要在加入更多詞庫或是個人專業判斷確保詞庫的完整，並以功能化、實用化的方向來設計選項。另外雖然改變使用詞彙與加入註解對於受試者的閱讀理解程度整體上並沒有顯著提升，但還是有所幫助，不顯著主要是因為實驗與問卷的設計有所瑕疵。因此有更多資訊提供還是好的，但是敘述的方式與給予幫助的方式未來需要改進。

關鍵字

營養素養；可讀性；資訊需求；內容分析；網路營養資訊；營養察覺

並列摘要

People easily access nutrition information just by typing the keywords into the search engine. However, past studies have shown that popular health information websites that are addressed to everyday users tend to be easy to use, while the information quality is questionable (Sutherland, 2005). The education materials written by nutrition professionals could be more reliable, but are written at a ninth-grade level or above, while most adults read at an eighth-grade level and 20% read at or below a fifth-grade level (Carbone, 2011). The gap of nutrition literacy between who writes and who uses the information, may lead a situation that is considered at risk for miscommunication and misunderstanding nutrition information provided to them. To close this gap, researchers attempt to increase the readability of nutrition education materials. This study intends to analyze the nutrition terminology used in two government nutrition and dietary information websites by n-gram cutter and nutrition dictionary. The results of the generated nutrition terminology list will be presented to the women of first pregnancy, who has the highest demand of nutrition information (Szwajcer, et al., 2005). Then an experiment will be conducted to investigate the nutrition literacy of these women, as well as the relationship between the terminology used and readability of the nutrition education materials. Results shown that government built websites are using more terms than dietary information websites. Terms found in Government built website form a 6.8% of its articles, while only a 1.4% were found in dietary information websites, and the terms they use were different from each other. The outcome of the cognitive process of women during their first pregnancy shown that self-cognition was highly related to real-cognition, but there are still some exceptions. According to the relations between self-cognition and real-cognition, terms can be categorized as “familiarized words," "incomprehensible words," "overrated vocabulary" and "low confidence word”. In the future professionals should use these terms accordingly based on the different category.The result of the experiment was insignificant: changing the terms used cannot inprove the readability of nutrition education materials, but this was caused by the poor test design. Changing terms into familiarized words and adding notes still gave people more clues to help them understand professional information. This study hopes to construct a method of analyzing readability and to identify a list of nutrition terminologies that is accurate and appropriate, which can be applied to communicating nutrition and dietary information to the future mothers and general publics.

並列關鍵字

Nutrition Literacy ； Information needs ； Online Nutrition information ； Readability ； Content analysis ； Nutrition Awareness

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