濁水溪下游的糖業鐵道之興衰(1907-1970)

摘要本論文以臺灣濁水溪下游的糖業鐵道為研究對象，探討日治時期至戰後此地區糖業鐵道興衰的過程，以地圖分析糖業鐵道線在濁水溪下游的空間分布及對地方的影響性。糖業鐵道在功能上分為提供一般客貨運的營業線及運輸製糖甘蔗原料的專用線，在濁水溪下游南北岸各製糖會社的經營下，承載起各地區的重要產業，如原以運輸製糖原料的專用線砂利線卻可作為運輸砂石的鐵道線，在製糖會社的有效利用下成為除運輸原料外另一項收入。經本論文的研究及探討，了解到日治時期製糖會社及戰後臺糖努力經營濁水溪下游糖業鐵道的情形，1910-1915年初面臨起水患及選線等問題，鐵道興築緩慢，1915年後營業線及專用線則有相異的發展，在營業線部分，總督府為尋求地方發展的便利性，要求製糖會社鋪設營業線，提供起客貨運的服務，包含宗教、觀光、地方特產等運輸的功能，但於1930年代在自動車的發達衝擊下衰退，1935年仿傚總督府聯運的政策及1940年自動車汽油管制規正的政策後又重新振作。在專用線部分，1915-1924年在濁水溪護岸完工及「糊仔甘蔗」種植技術的創新下，鐵道的里程突飛猛進，然而受到1925-1927年蓬萊米大量栽種的影響，糖業鐵道的里程停滯不前，直到1928年引進爪哇大莖種蔗苗栽種，糖業鐵道的里程才又再次提升，1933年受到世界不景氣，鐵道鋪設情形低迷，隔年濁水溪畔的移民村建立，製糖會社鋪設鐵道線以收購日本移民的甘蔗原料，里程也再次延長，但1940年代卻又因戰爭時期鐵材不足、飛行場的興建，面臨遭拆除的命運。戰後，政府進行糖業復舊，鐵道也因此重修及翻新，政府撤退來臺後，在加強臺灣的國防能力的前提下，興築南北平行預備線，連接起日治時期南北各製糖會社的糖業鐵道，特別是利用西螺大橋鋪設鐵道，臺糖得以互相支援原料，也加速濁水溪下游南北兩岸之間客貨運的流通，然而1970年因糖業沒落，糖業鐵道的利用價值也隨之遞減，再加上修復、維護的成本提高，以及票價低廉、客運公車的競爭，糖業鐵道逐漸走向沒落及被拆除的命運。近年社區總體營造努力重塑糖業鐵道風光，糖廠也設立五分車觀光園區、保存虎尾驛及虎尾鐵橋，試圖重拾糖業鐵道的記憶與風采。

關鍵字

濁水溪下游；糖業鐵道；製糖會社；臺糖；原料區；南北平行預備線

並列摘要

Abstract This study takes the sugar railways of Taiwan Choshui River downstream as the research object, researches the area of the rise and fall of the sugar railways from the Japanese colonial period to the postwar period and analyzes the spatial distribution of the sugar railway lines in Choshui River downstream and the influence of the area through the map. In function, special railway lines for sugar industry is divided into the business line（營業線） of the provision of general passengers , freights and the dedicated line（專用線） of the transport of raw sugarcane. Under the management of the sugar company of the south and north bank of the Choshui River downstream, it carries the important industry in various regions. For example, the original dedicated line of the raw sugar transportation can serve as the railways transport gravel. In the effective use of the sugar company, it becomes another income in addition to the transport of raw materials. Through the research of this study, the situation of the sugar railways in the Choshui River downstream which was under the sugar companies during the Japanese Colonial Period and Taisugar in the postwar period were widely known. During 1910 to 1915 year, railways built slowly because the sugar companies encountered problems such as flooding, line selection, etc. After 1915 year, the business line and the dedicated line had different development. In the section of business line, Government-General found the convenience of local development and requested the sugar companies to build the business line which provide the service of passenger and freight including religious, tourism, local specialties, etc. However, it receded on the influences of the development of the automobile in 1930s. After the sugar companies followed the policy of the Combined Transport of the Government-General in 1935 year and automobile was governed by the policy of the Gasoline Control Low in 1940, the sugar railways revitalized. In the section of dedicated line, the mileage of railways increased rapidly after the completion of the embankment of Choshui River and the innovation of Spring Paddy Cane（糊仔甘蔗） cultivation technology during 1915 to 1924 year. However, it was influenced by planting mass of Penglai rice between 1925 to 1927 year, the mileage of railways were at a standstill. Until 1928 year, because of the introduction of Thick Stems Sugarcane（大莖種甘蔗） of Java cultivars, the mileage of railways arised again. The railway development was in the doldrums after the 1933 world recession. Again the following year, the immigrant villages of Choshui River bank were built, and the sugar companies constructed the railways to transport sugarcane of Japanese immigrants. The mileage was also extended. But, due to the lack of iron and the construction of the flight field during the War II, the sugar railways faced with the fate of being removed. After the War II, National Government repaired sugar industry, therefore, sugar railways were rebuilt and refurbished. After the government retreated to Taiwan, under the premise of strengthening the defense capability of Taiwan, Taisugar built The North-South Parallel Prepare Railways （南北平行預備線）in parallel with the Main Line, connecting railways between the north and south sugar companies during the Japanese colonial period, especially the use of Hsilo bridge to build railway. So, Taisugar’s factories could support each other and sped up the circulation of passenger and freight between the north and south of Choshui River downstream. However, due to the decline of sugar industry, the value of the sugar railways were decreased and the sugar railways gradually declined and were on the way of being demolished couple with following problem such as the cost of maintenance, low fares and bus competition. In recent years, as a result of Integrated Community Development, the sugar railways were rebuilt. Sugar factories also built Sugar Railway Tourism Park, preserved Huwei Railway Station and Huwei Iron Bridge, and tried to regain the memory and style of the sugar railways.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Choshui River downstream ； sugar railways ； sugar companies ； Taisugar ； The system of gathering sugarcane area origins ； The North-South Parallel Prepare Railways