不同震幅震動訓練結合不穩定表面訓練對於下肢運動表現之影響

背景：競技體操運動對於選手從基礎動作扎根朝向高難度動作發展的過程中，爆發力、速度、敏捷、平衡等基礎運動表現扮演著極為重要的角色，而震動訓練與不穩定表面訓練皆可有效的增進運動表現。目的：探討八週震動訓練結合不穩定表面訓練介入對競技體操選手下肢的爆發力、速度、敏捷、平衡及專項技術運動表現並探討肌肉活化程度之影響。方法：16名大專競技體操選手，經配對分組成二組：高震幅震動訓練結合不穩定表面訓練 (N=8, 高震幅) 及低震幅震動訓練結合不穩定表面訓練 (N=8, 低震幅)，進行為期八週的訓練。所有受試者在訓練前、立即性、四週、六週、八週皆進行下蹲跳、30公尺衝刺、折返跑、單腳平衡、後空翻測驗、肌肉活化。並以混合設計二因子變異數分析，比較下肢運動表現 (爆發力、速度、敏捷、平衡、專項技術、肌肉活化) 之差異，顯著水準設為α = .05。結果：高震幅組立即性訓練後下蹲跳之跳躍高度、30公尺衝刺、單腳平衡之開眼平衡、後空翻之空翻高度、肌肉活化之外側腓腸肌達顯著；四週後，下蹲跳、後空翻之空翻高度達顯著；六週後，下蹲跳、30公尺衝刺之啟動速度、折返跑、後空翻之空翻高度達顯著；八週後，下蹲跳、30公尺衝刺、折返跑、後空翻、肌肉活化之內側腓腸肌、外側腓腸肌、股內側肌達顯著。低震幅組在立即性時下蹲跳之跳躍力量、單腳平衡之開眼平衡、肌肉活化之內側腓腸肌、外側腓腸肌達顯著；在六週時，下蹲跳之跳躍力量達顯著；在八週時，下蹲跳之跳躍力量達顯著。結論：高震幅震動訓練結合不穩定表面訓練能有效提升下肢運動表現，然而低震幅結合訓練則較無訓練效果。

關鍵字

後空翻；下蹲跳；平衡；衝刺；折返跑

並列摘要

Background: From developing a solid foundation of basic moves to mastering highly difficult moves, artistic gymnast’s basic athletic performance, e.g. explosive strength, speed, agility, and balance, plays a critical role. Vibration and unstable surface training can both effectively improve athletic performance. Objective: Examine the effect of an 8-week intervention that combines vibration training and unstable surface training on lower limb explosive strength, speed, agility and balance; on athletic performance of special skills; and on muscle activation among artistic gymnasts. Method: Sixteen university gymnasts were paired and divided into two groups: high frequency vibration training combined with unstable surface training (n = 8; “high frequency group”) or low frequency vibration training combined with unstable surface training (n = 8; “low frequency group”). The duration of training was eight weeks. Participant performance in counter movement jump, 30-m sprint, shuttle run, single-leg balance, and back flips were assessed, as was muscle activation. All participants were assessed prior to the intervention, immediately after starting the intervention, and at Weeks 4, 6, and 8 of the intervention. Two-way ANOVA was used to identify differences in lower limb athletic ability (i.e., explosive strength, speed, agility, balance, performance of special skills, and muscle activation); the level of statistical significance was set at α = .05. Results: In the high frequency group, significant differences were found immediately after starting the intervention for height of the counter movement jump, the 30-m sprint, single-leg balance with eyes open, height of the back flip, and activation of the lateral gastrocnemius. At Week 4, significant differences were found in the counter movement jump and the height of the back flip. At Week 6, significant differences were found in counter movement jumps, starting speed of the 30-m sprint, shuttle run, and height of the back flip. At Week 8, significant differences were found in counter movement jumps, 30-m sprint, shuttle run, back flips, and muscle activation of the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and vastus medialus. In the low frequency group, significant differences were found immediately after starting the intervention for the jumping power of the counter movement jump, single-leg balance with eyes open, and muscle activation in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius. At Week 6 and 8, significant differences were found in the jumping power of the counter movement jump. Conclusion: High frequency vibration training combined unstable surface training can improve lower extremity sports performance. However, low frequency vibration training combined unstable surface training was less effective.