日治時期臺北公園設計的西方源流探討及其空間建構

興建於二十世紀初期的臺北公園（今二二八和平紀念公園），為日治時期臺灣的首座西式公園，更是城市中唯一一座大型綠地空間。1905年，臺灣總督府土木局向市區計劃委員會提出臺北公園設計圖，正式開啓臺北公園設置計劃。公園內除了種植大量的植栽、花木之外，雕像、音樂堂、運動場、噴水池、日蔭室、紀念博物館等西式景觀建築的設置，成為市民享受休憩活動的重要設施。在都市中設立公園的作法，源自於十九世紀工業革命以來西方的城市，為舒緩擁擠的空間以及汙穢的衛生環境，改善低劣的生活品質。公園、綠地的規劃，除了提供市民休閒、娛樂活動之外，更將不淨的環境以及喧擾的街道，淨化為適合居住的空間。而公園的開放與設置，也宣告「園林」由私人遊樂場域，成為大眾皆可參與的公共空間。本文將針對日治時期臺北公園的西式元素組成進行爬梳，並將公園的設計，置於西方園林史以及十九世紀公園的設置脈絡之下討論，同時亦探究日本的西式公園引入經驗，進而了解臺北公園的規劃特色及其設置意義。

關鍵字

臺北公園；十九世紀公園；日治時期；自然風景園林；園林藝術

並列摘要

Taipei Park (228 Peace Memorial Park), which was built during the Japanese colonial period, was the first public park and the only “green space” in a larger scale in Taipei City. Aside from the abundant greenery that was planted in the park, western landscape architectures, for instance, sculptures, bandstand, playground, fountain, arbour, and museum, were also built inside the park. In 1905, the authorities officially started the Taipei Park building construction. The concept of constructing parks in urban areas can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution. The living situation at that time was crowded and unsanitized; the quality of life was therefore, low. Thus, the rise of planning to build greens in the urban areas had provided not only leisure and relaxation to the residents, but also cleanse the environment as well as “purify” the living space. The setup of parks had changed the scheme of privately owned gardens to public park all residence could share. This paper will discuss the western ingredients composed in the parks of the 19th century as well as compare the western style parks constructional history in Japan to the meanings and the characteristics of that in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period.