探討博物館詮釋知識之展示設計原則-以臺灣地區科學博物館為例

A Study of Interpretation Knowledge of the Principles in Exhibition Design—An Example of Taiwan Science Museums

陳昱璉(Chen Yu-Lien)

指導教授 ： 嚴貞

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/設計學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202475

摘要

博物館隨著年代的變遷產生不同的意義，現代博物館的功能主要以教育、收藏、保存、傳播及展示為主。其中，展示設計是博物館與參觀者建立最直接關係的有效方式。良好的展示設計可有效的傳達訊息，使參觀者對展示內容產生興趣。隨著科技日新月異，展示設計的形式越來越多元。因此，甚麼樣的展示設計原則能在詮釋知識時更有效的傳達，為本研究所要探討的目的。本研究分為三個階段進行：(1) 以案例分析法，針對臺灣地區具指標性的國立海洋科技博物館、國立自然科學博物館及國立科學工藝博物館等，探討與分析各博物館展示設計的表現形式與要素，如：空間配置、造形形態、色彩計畫及照明計畫等項目；(2)以深度訪談法，對博物館展示設計具經驗的研究員與設計師各三位進行訪談；(3)以問卷調查法，將前階段分析與歸納出的表現形式及要素重點製作成問卷，並對上述三所博物館內的參觀者進行現場問卷調查，有效回收問卷共計90份。
本研究具體結果包括：(1)空間原則：首要原則為「安全考量」，在規劃動線時，適時的加入轉折點與停留點，可避免參觀者於空間中奔跑，以致於發生危險。動線的安排，可結合「建議動線」及「區域劃分」，使主題貫穿空間的同時，也給予參觀者更為開放的參觀模式；(2)造形原則：善用與主題相關的元素，可使造形在詮釋內容方面，達到更好的傳達效益。利用富有故事性的造形，有利於貫穿展示空間及展示主題。配合參觀者視覺高度規劃造形的尺度及比例，可更有效地將知識傳達給參觀者；(3)色彩原則：善用與主題相關的色系，可使參觀者更快進入情境中。適時運用色彩作區域劃分，可使空間更加豐富；(4)照明原則: 善用照明的三種應用方式，可提升空間氛圍與引導效果，分別為空間照明、動線指示與表現展示物件的質感與特性。在整體空間的照明，適度的昏暗可營造良好的氛圍，但應避免過度昏暗的效果，可能會降低參觀者的參觀意願。

關鍵字

博物館 ； 展示設計 ； 詮釋知識 ； 設計原則

並列摘要

Museums have shown different types of function over time. Nowadays, the purpose of a museum is to acquire, conserve, research, communicate and exhibit the tangible. Exhibition design is the most efficient method to make direct relationships between museums and their visitors. A good exhibition design can effectively convey the message of the exhibition to visitors and increase visitors’ willing to exhibitions. There have been a lot of types of exhibition design with the ever-changing technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate what kind elements of an exhibition design can effectively transfer knowledge to visitors. This study is divided into three stages: (1) doing case analysis about the performance of three museums, the National Museum of Marine Science and Technology, the National Museum of Natural Science and the National Science and Technology museums, with a case analysis method. (2) Doing semi-structured interview with three designers with experiences about the museum exhibition. (3) Using questionnaires to analyze and summarize the forms and elements of the exhibition design of the three museums given above. Ninety questionnaires were effectively collected.
The specific results of this study include four principles of exhibition design. First, the principle of space: based on safety the primary design principle, the line planning, timely transition and set the stop point are used to avoid the visitors facing danger when they run in the exhibition space. Secondly, the principle of form: using the elements related to the theme, to make better method to convey information when the form describes the content of exhibitions. Narrative forms are useful to run through the display spaces and connect the themes of the exhibitions. When the design of the form meet the visual scale and proportion of visitors, the knowledge can be communicated to the visitor more effectively. Thirdly, the principle of color: using the color associated with the theme can make the visitor enter the situation made by the exhibition more quickly. Timely using color to divide the region of the exhibition can make the space be more abundant. Fourthly, the principle of lighting: the usage of lighting in an exhibition space need to focus on the space lighting, moving line instructions and the performance of showing objects’ texture and characteristics. The space without sufficient lighting should be avoided. .Even though moderate dimming can create a good atmosphere, the improper usage of dimming easily decrease visitors’ willing to visit the exhibition.

並列關鍵字

Museum ； Exhibition Design ； Interpretation Knowledge ； Principles

參考文獻

陸定邦(1989)。展示語言。博物館學季刊，3(4)，21-28。

林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身心障礙研究季刊，3(2)，122-136。

一、期刊、雜誌

Victor J. Danilov (1982/1988). Science and Technology Centers. 王維梅(譯)。科學中心的永久展示。博物館學季刊，2(1)，37-49。

張崇山(1993)。博物館的展示規劃。博物館學季刊，7(03)，55-64。