適應不良完美主義與特質焦慮之關係：探究自尊程度與自尊不穩定雙中介效果

本研究目的在瞭解完美主義與自尊程度、自尊不穩定，以及特質焦慮之關聯，並探討自尊程度、自尊不穩定是否能中介適應不良完美主義與特質焦慮之關係。研究方法採便利取樣，以20歲以上至60歲以下成人為研究參與者，共取得600份有效樣本。研究採用問卷調查法蒐集資料，使用研究工具為「完美主義量表」、「自尊量表」、及「自尊不穩定量表」、「特質焦慮量表」。調查後所得資料分別以描述統計、皮爾森相關分析、迴歸分析，以及中介分析之拔靴法（Bootstrapping）等統計方式進行資料分析。研究結果如下：（1）成人適應性／適應不良完美主義平均分數現況為社會要求型高於自我要求型再高於要求他人型；（2）完美主義與自尊程度關係：適應不良完美主義與自尊程度為顯著負相關，自我要求型適應性完美主義與自尊程度為顯著負相關；（3）完美主義與自尊不穩定關係：適應不良完美主義與自尊不穩定為顯著中度正相關，適應性完美主義與自尊不穩定為顯著低度正相關；（4）適應不良完美主義、自尊程度與自尊不穩定能顯著預測特質焦慮；（5）自尊程度、自尊不穩定皆能部份中介適應不良完美主義對於特質焦慮之關係，且自尊程度比自尊不穩定有更佳的間接效果。最後，根據以上研究結果，針對諮商輔導實務工作與未來研究提出建議，以供參考。

關鍵字

中介效果；自尊不穩定；自尊程度；完美主義；特質焦慮

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were: (1) To investigate the relationships among perfectionism, level of self-esteem, instability of self-esteem, and trait anxiety; (2) To explore the mediating effects of level self-esteem and instability of self-esteem on maladaptive perfectionism and trait anxiety. Convenience sampling survey method and questionnaire were applied to collect data. Six hundred adults ranged from twenty to sixty years old participated in the study and responded to the following measures: “Bi-mode Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale”,“Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, RSES”,“Instability of Self-esteem Scale, ISES”and“State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI”. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by descriptive statistics, pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, and bootstrapping. Main findings of this research were as follows: (a) Socially-prescribed perfectionism was higher than self-oriented perfectionism, and self-oriented perfectionism was higher than other-oriented perfectionism; (b) There was significant negative correlation between maladaptive perfectionism and level of self-esteem. Correlation between adaptive self-oriented perfectionism and level of self-esteem was significantly negative; (c) There was positive moderate correlation between maladaptive perfectionism and instability of self-esteem; The relationship between adaptive perfectionism and instability of self-esteem was positive correlated weakly; (d) Maladaptive perfectionism, level of self-esteem, and instability of self-esteem could significantly predict trait anxiety; (e) Level of self-esteem and instability of self-esteem could partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and trait anxiety. Based on the results, implication of the study for counseling and guidance and suggestion for the future research were proposed as well.

並列關鍵字

Instability of self-esteem ； Level of self-esteem ； Mediating effects ； Perfectionism ； Trait anxiety

參考文獻

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.

中文部分