空手道不同抬腳方式前腳勾踢之生物力學分析

目的：本研究目的是透過不同抬腳方式，探討前腳勾踢動作之生物力學參數，與踢擊表現之相關情形。方法：本研究是以7名空手道選手為受試對象(平均年齡16.4±0.5 歲、身高169.9±4.7 cm、體重59.14±5.1 kg)，以55至75公斤級之選手，接受專項訓練時間至少達3年以上。使用Vicon動作擷取系統、測力板、加速規同步擷取生物力學參數。統計分析包括描述性統計、魏可遜符號檢定 (Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test)來考驗「直線抬腳」與「側面抬腳」勾踢動作之運動學及動力學參數差異，顯著水準定為 α＝.05。結果：一、反應時間、動作分期及動作時間無顯著差異。二、左腳膝關節角度在攻擊期時「側面抬腳」有較大的彎曲角度，有較大攻擊範圍。右腳髖關節角度在攻擊期時「側面抬腳」有較大屈曲角度。右腳踝關節角度在抬腳期時「直線抬腳」有較大的背屈；在攻擊期時有較大蹠屈。三、兩種動作角速度峰值與地面反作用力皆無顯著差異。四、「直線抬腳」之踢擊力量顯著大於「側面抬腳」。結論：不同抬腳方式在動作時間上沒有差異，而踢擊力量則以直線抬腳較大；若想達到較好的打擊效果，可以直線抬腳方式的前腳勾踢做踢擊。在比賽中，判分與否是以接觸為主，建議以側面抬腳方式做踢擊，以增加觸擊機率。

關鍵字

對打；直線抬腳；側面抬腳；踢技

並列摘要

Purpose: This study was aimed biomechanical analysis of different patterns of lifting legs to forefoot hook kick in karate, and kicking performance of the relevant circumstances. Methods: Seven karate elite athletes as participants (mean age 16.4 ± 0.5 years, height 169.9 ± 4.7 cm, weight 59.14 ± 5.1 kg), with 55-75 middleweight of players to receive special training time by at least 3 year or more. With Vicon motion capture system, force plate, accelerometer synchronous collect biomechanical parameters. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test to test kinematic and kinetic parameters of “straight” and “flank to lift legs” hook kick. Significant level was set at α＝.05 . Results: First, the reaction time, movements stage and movements time have no significant differences. Second, left knee angle “flank to lift” have a greater bending angle of attack phase, it has a larger attack range. Right hip angle “flank to lift” have a greater bending angle of attack phase. Right ankle angle “straight to lift” have a greater dorsiflexion of lift leg phase, have a greater plantar flexion of attack phase. Third, no significant difference between the different patterns of angular velocity peaks and ground reaction force. Fourth, the “straight to lift” punch force significantly greater than “flank”. Conclusion: There is no difference on movements time, but “straight to lift legs” have greater punch force. If want to achieve better punch effect, can use the straight to lift to do forefoot hook kick. In the game, the score is based on touching or not, recommended way to do “flank to lift legs” to increase the chances of touching.