探討傳球對於不同進攻策略及出手位置之關係：以超級籃球聯賽第十二季為例

在籃球比賽中最重要的就是得分，而籃球得分有許多不同策略及方式，從時間來分類可分為：快攻戰術、快打戰術、組織戰術，有參與人數的不同、執行時間的不同等等。出手(得分)位置也可區分成禁區、中距離、三分球，在比賽中根據不同的進攻策略及出手位置也會相互影響，一次好的出手常是靠一個好的傳球所產生，傳球是籃球場上出現最頻繁的技術，但因為資料收集不易，較少有文獻針對傳球作探討，也無法斷定傳球對進攻策略及出手位置的影響。因此本研究目的為：探討進攻策略、出手位置、傳球次數以及潛在助攻位置之間的關係。方法：觀察記錄2014-15年第十二季超級籃球聯賽，共124場賽事(例行賽、季後賽、總決賽)之進攻策略、傳球次數、及出手位置等資料進行整理分析。結果：1.傳球次數在不同策略中達顯著差異(組織>快打>快攻)，在不同出手位置中達顯著差異(中距離>三分球>禁區)，但在各隊、勝敗、節數間沒有顯著差異。2. 出手次數在三種策略與出手位置間交互作用雖達顯著差異，但除了在禁區出手時快攻與快打策略的出手次數不相上下外，其餘比較無論在進攻策略或是出手位置上都有相同趨勢，皆為組織>快打>快攻，及禁區>三分線>中距離。3.出手次數在潛在助攻位置與出手位置的交互作用達顯著差異，在禁區及中距離出手時，出手次數在潛在助攻位置有三分線>中距離>禁區的趨勢，且均達顯著差異，但在三分線出手時，三個潛在助攻位置無統計顯著差異。在第十二季超級籃球聯賽中，傳球次數在組織戰時為最多，出手位置為中距離時最多；主要進攻策略為組織戰術，且無論在哪一種進攻策略，都以禁區為主要出手位置且潛在助攻大多來自於三分線；出手位置在三分線時潛在助攻大多來自禁區顯示各球隊係針對組織進攻以及外圍導傳至禁區或從禁區傳出至三分線出手的機會作為主要進攻方式。

關鍵字

籃球比賽表現分析；傳球；進攻策略；出手位置；超級籃球聯賽

並列摘要

Scoring is the ultimate goal in basketball games and there are many different strategies that a team may employ to achieve the goal. These strategies can be categorized as fast break, early offense, and set offense based on the number of players involved and time of execution. Position of field goal may be recorded from paint, mid-range, and three-point line. In game situation, strategy and field goal position are related to each other- a quality shot often occurs after a timely pass. Passing is the most used skill in basketball games, but few studies have been investigated on the topic due to the difficulty of data collection. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among offensive strategies, position of field goals, number of passes and positions when potential assists occurred. The offense strategy, number of pass, and field goal position from 124 games of the 12th Super Basketball League 2014-2015 were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the effects of offensive strategy and position of field goal but not team, game result and game phase were significant on the number of pass. There was a significant interaction effect between offensive strategy and field goal position on the number of field goal attempt where there was no difference in number of field goal attempt between the early offense and fast break when shooting at the paint, other conditions had similar trend as set > early > fast break and paint > 3-point >mid-range. The interaction effect between potential assist position and field goal position was also significant for the number of field goal attempt. When shooting from the paint and mid-range but not 3-point line, the potential assist position showed significant trend of 3-point > mid-range > paint. In conclusion, the set offense had the most averaged number of passes and the most field goal attempts in the 12th SBL. For the shooting locations, shots were primarily taken in paint and there were the most averaged number of passes when the shots were taken from the mid range. Potential assists mostly came from 3-point line in all offensive strategies; potential assists were predominantly from the paint area when shots were taken from the 3-point line. The analyses indicate that set offense was the main offensive strategy where shooting from the paint with potential assist from perimeter and shooting from the 3-point line with potential assists from the paint were observed most frequently. Key words: basketball performance analysis, pass, offense strategy, shooting position, Super Basketball League