以發展型國家理論觀察韓國「綠色增長戰略」之推動

本文以Johnson的發展型國家四大特徵以及Evans的所歸納出的四個國家機關角色，檢視韓國李明博政府執政時期所提出之「綠色增長戰略」，了解現今韓國是否仍依循「發展型國家」模式進行國家發展。韓國的發展型國家模式最早可追溯至韓戰以後，朴正熙為了使韓國快速的經濟成長，以國家來主導產業發展；到了1980年民主化運動後，國家介入的力量逐漸減少；1997年金融危機後，金大中實施了各種金融改革措施，希望使金融市場正常化，整體而言，這個時期的韓國呈現出了「管制型發展型國家」的特色。到了2008年，李明博政府則出現了「新自由主義」與「發展型國家」兩者並存的「後發展型國家」特徵。透過了Johnson的發展型國家特徵與Evans的國家機關角色檢視「綠色增長戰略」的推動過程，以及相關具體措施、成果後，本文認為韓國目前仍是依循著「發展型國家」模式來進行國家經濟發展，且轉變為同時存在著新自由主義特色之「後發展型國家」樣貌。

關鍵字

韓國；綠色增長戰略；發展型國家；後發展型國家

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to see whether South Korea is still a developmental state when implementing the Green Growth Strategy introduced by former president Lee Myung-Bak. This thesis applies the developmental state theories constructed by Charlmers Johnson and Peter Evans to answer the question. South Korea’s developmental state was founded after the Korean War. In order to make South Korea’s economy grow rapidly, President Park Chung-Hee let the state lead the development of industry. After Korea's democratization in the 1980s, the degree of state intervention decreased. In the aftermath of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Kim Dae-Jung implemented various financial reforms to normalize the financial market. On the whole, Korea during this period had the characteristics of a “Regulatory Developmental State.” Lastly, the characteristics of “Post- Developmental State” which combined both neoliberalism and developmental state started to appear during the Lee Myung-Bak government. The examination of the implementation of “Green Growth Strategy” through Johnson’s and Evan's developmental sate theories finds that Korea is still following the developmental state model to carry out national economic development. It also finds that Korea has transformed into a post-developmental state that has the characteristics of both “Neoliberalism” and “Developmental State.”