國中生性別平等意識之相關研究

本研究旨在探討國中生性別平等意識之相關情形。主要研究目的為： 1. 編製一套適用於國中生的性別角色態度量表，藉以了解國中生性別角色態度以及性別平等意識情形。 2. 探討不同背景(性別、年級)國中生在性別平等意識與性別不平權的差異。 3. 探討國中生性別平等意識和性別不平權的關係。 4. 探討國中生在性別角色態度六構念不平權中、性別和年級，對性別平等意識的預測情形。本研究採問卷調查法，以便利抽樣方式，抽取臺北市共3所公、私立國民中學一、二、三年級學生，有效樣本人數合計503人。主要研究工具為研究者自編的「國中生性別角色態度量表」。資料處理採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數(ANOVA)考驗、Pearson積差相關考驗、卡方考驗和迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析處理，研究結果如下： 1. 在「性別」方面，國中生男女性之「性別平權」皆傾向同意，且女性在「性別平權」程度顯著高於男性。 2. 在「性別」方面，國中生男女性之「性別不平權」皆傾向不同意，其中男性在「男性優越」和「女性優越」程度顯著高於女性。 3. 在「年級」方面，國中一、二、三年級之「性別平權」無顯著差異。 4. 在「年級」方面，國中一、二、三年級之「性別不平權」有部分顯著差異，二年級「性別不平權」程度高於三年級。 5. 國中生其「性別平權」與「性別不平權」之間，達顯著負相關。 6. 國中生在「性別不平權」中之「家庭權利」和「性別互動」以及「性別」能聯合預測性別平等意識，然「家庭權利」和「性別」呈負向預測，「性別互動」呈正向預測。最後，根據本研究結果進行討論、歸納，並提出建議，以作為教育、輔導與未來研究的參考。

關鍵字

女性優越感；男性優越感；性別角色態度；性別平等意識

並列摘要

The main purpose of this research was to explore what do Taiwanese junior high school students think of gender equality consciousness. The purposes of this research were as follows: 1. To develop a scale of gender-role attitude and gender equality consciousness. 2. To investigate differences in what junior high school students in all genders and ages with different backgrounds think of gender equality and inequality. 3. To investigate the conditions between gender equality and inequality among Taiwanese junior high school students. 4. To investigate the prediction of gender equality at the level of gender inequality、sex and grade in junior high school students. With convenience sampling, a questionnaire survey was administered in this study. The subjects of this research were seventh to ninth grade junior high school students in Taipei and there are 503 valid samples. The main instruments used in this research "National Junior High School Student Gender-role Attitude Scale" complied by the researcher. Several statistical procedures were employed in data analyses, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test statistics, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation, Chi-square test, and regression analysis. The findings are as follows： 1. The gender equality of male and female students tends to agree, and women are significantly more aware of gender equality than men. 2. Gender inequality of men and women of the students tend to disagree, and men have a significantly higher level of superiority than women. 3. Grades have no significant difference in gender equality. 4. Grades have a significant difference in gender inequality. Eighth-grade students have a higher level of gender inequality than ninth-grade students. 5. There is a significant negative correlation between gender equality and gender inequality among students. 6. The gender inequality of rights in the family、gender interaction and sex can be used in conjunction to predict the result of gender equality. Gender equality is negatively predicted with the rights in the family as well as sex; gender equality is positively predicted with gender interaction. Base on the results and discussions of this study, the research provides suggestions to educational institutions for future curriculum design and guidance.