幼兒色彩偏好的一致性與奮力控制的關聯

摘要本研究旨在瞭解幼兒對色彩偏好的一致性與奮力控制的現況，並檢測這兩者之間的關係，也探討性別、年齡不同，幼兒的色彩偏好一致性及奮力控制的差異。本研究以356位四歲與五歲的幼兒為研究對象，這些受試幼兒來自臺北市中山區、松山區、大安區、信義區、內湖區的五所公立幼兒園及南港區的兩所私立幼兒園。研究工具選用日本色研表色系統（PCCS）中的紅、橙、黃、綠、藍、紫、黑、灰、白九色色票卡來蒐集幼兒的色彩偏好一致性現況，也透過一對一的賽門說任務遊戲記錄幼兒奮力控制的表現。研究結果發現：一、有153位（約43%）幼兒表現出色彩偏好一致性。二、幼兒喜歡「有彩色」者多於「無彩色」者。三、幼兒偏好的顏色依序為：藍、紅、黃、紫、綠、橙、白、黑、灰。其中喜歡紅色、紫色者以女生居多，喜歡藍色者男生較多；而且，五歲組幼兒有色彩偏好一致性者百分比高於四歲組幼兒。四、整體受試幼兒的奮力控制表現極好（M=9.23）。五、奮力控制的得分不因性別不同而不同。六、五歲組的奮力控制的表現優於四歲組。七、有無色彩偏好一致性與奮力控制顯著相關。男生有色彩偏好一致性者較無色彩偏好一致性者奮力控制表現較好；五歲組幼兒有色彩偏好一致性者也較無色彩偏好一致性者奮力控制表現較好。八、受試幼兒一致偏好有彩色或無彩色與奮力控制無顯著關聯，也不因性別、年齡不同而有差異。

關鍵字

幼兒；色彩偏好一致性；奮力控制

並列摘要

Abstract The purposes of this study were to understand the association of color preference and effortful control in preschoolers, and to examine the relationship between the two, and explore age and sex differences for their color preferences consistency and effortful control. The 356 preschoolers participated in this study. They were aged 4~5, from five public preschools in Zhongshan District, Songshan District, Daan District, Xinyi District, Neihu District and two private preschools in Nangang District. By using the Nine-Color color cards of practical color coordinate system (PCCS), i.e., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, gray and white, the preschoolers’ current status of color preference was collected. Also, during the clinical interview of Simon Says Task, the performances of preschoolers’ effortful control were recorded. The results showed that: (1)153 preschoolers (about 43%) showed color preference consistency. (2)Preschoolers liked chromatic colors more than achromatic colors. (3)The color of preschoolers liked in order is blue, red, yellow, purple, green, orange, white, black and gray. Most girls liked red and purple, and boys preferred blue more. Five year olds showed color preference consistency more than four year olds. (4)All subjects’ scores of effortful control were very well (M=9.23). (5)The scores of the effortful control did not differ by sex. (6)The 5 year olds showed better performance in effortful control than those 4 year olds. (7)There was a significant association between preschoolers’ color preference consistency and their effortful control. Boys with color preference consistency showed better than those with no color preference consistency in effortful control performances. Five year olds with color preference consistency showed better than those with no color preference consistency in effortful control performances. (8)There was no significant association between preschoolers’ color preference consistency and their effortful control. There were the same in the different sex groups and age groups.