幼兒的職業興趣與父母性別角色教養之關聯

The Association between Young Children’s Vocational Interests and Parenting of Gender Role

鄒笑(Zou Xiao)

指導教授 ： 鍾志從

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202202593

摘要

本研究旨在探討父母的性別角色教養與幼兒的職業興趣現況，並探討兩者之間的關聯，同時檢測幼兒性別、年齡與父母的社經背景與職業不同，父母性別角色教養及幼兒職業興趣的差異。研究以326名臺北市滿四歲和五歲、就讀於公立和私立幼兒園的幼兒為對象，透過家庭填寫「幼兒性別特質問卷」收集父母性別角色教養資料；研究者則透過與幼兒一對一訪談「職業興趣作業」收集幼兒職業興趣資料。
本研究發現：一、幼兒的人格類型職業興趣以社會型職業居多；幼兒的性別主導職業興趣以男性主導職業居多。二、父母性別角色教養以兩性化趨向最高，未分化次之。三、幼兒的職業興趣會因年齡、性別、父親人格類型職業與母親社經地位的不同而有所不同。（一）幼兒的藝術人格職業興趣隨著年齡的增長而增多，同時社會型人格職業興趣相應減少；（二）男生偏好實際型職業、研究型職業；女生則偏好藝術型職業、社會型職業以及傳統型職業；（三）父親職業為研究型、藝術型與企業型的幼兒會選擇與其父親相一致的職業；（四）幼兒會隨著年齡的增長對中性職業的興趣增多；但男生依舊偏好男性主導職業；（五）高社經地位的母親，其女性幼兒的職業興趣較不具性別角色刻板印象；（六）母親職業為中性職業的幼兒較傾向於選擇中性職業。四、幼兒性別與父母性別角色教養呈現顯著關聯，受試幼兒父母多對男生採取男性化的教養方式，反之，對女生採取女性化的教養方式。五、父母性別角色教養與幼兒的性別主導職業呈現顯著關聯。父母的性別角色教養採用為男性化取向者，其子女的職業興趣多傾向於男性主導職業；而父母的性別角色教養為女性化取向者，其子女的職業興趣則多傾向於女性主導職業。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 性別角色教養 ； 職業興趣

並列摘要

This study was to explore the association between parenting of gender role and young children’s vocational interests. Also, the differences among the parenting of gender, parents’ social status, young children’s age, sex, and their vocational interests were examined. There were 326 young children participated in this study. They were 4 to 5 years old, who were selected from twelve public and private preschoolers in Taipei City. Each child’s father or mother completed the “Young Children’s Sex Role Inventory” questionnaire. In addition, all subjects participated in “Young Children’s Vocational Interests task” during clinical interview. The results showed as follows:
1.Social occupations and male- dominated occupations are top choices among the occupational interests of young children.
2.Parenting of gender role shows more tendency of androgyny and undifferentiated.
3.Young children’s vocational interests vary from their age, gender, fathers’ personality type of occupation and the social status mother's. (1) Artistic occupations of young children increased with age, while the social occupations interests decreased ; (2) Boys prefer realistic and investigative occupations, while girls prefer artistic and social occupation; (3) Young children’s vocational interests were consistent with their father's occupations, which type were artistic, investigative and enterprising; (4) Young children’s interests of neutral occupation increased with the grow of age, while the boys were not; (5) Those whose mothers were from high social status are less gender-bearing stereotypes in occupations interests; (6) Those whose mothers were engaged in neutral occupations prefer neutral occupations as well .
4.The sex of young children were significantly related to parenting of gender roles. Parents took masculine parenting to boys, while feminine parenting to girls.
5.There was also a significant association between the parenting of role and parenting and young children’s vocational interests. When parents took masculine parenting, young children’s showed masculine vocational interests; On the contrary, when parents took feminine parenting, young children’s showed feminine vocational interests.

並列關鍵字

young children ； parenting of gender role ； vocational interests

參考文獻

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壹、中文文獻

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