跆拳道品勢高麗型兩段側踢標準與典型錯誤動作之研究

摘要 2017年臺北世界大學運動會、2018年印尼雅加達亞洲運動會跆拳道運動競賽種類增列跆拳道品勢競賽項目。2011年世界跆拳道聯盟修訂品勢項目規則，評分從原本正確性、表現性各5分，修改為正確性4分表現性6分。跆拳道高麗型項目計有48個動作，為品勢項目中動作技術最多的型場。兩段側踢的動作技術為高麗型難度較高的動作表現。研究目的：瞭解跆拳道品勢高麗型兩段側踢標準及典型錯誤動作。研究方法：採半開放式訪談法，蒐集四位國手級教練、四位國際裁判、四位現役國手共十二位訪談對象的資訊。研究結果：兩段側踢收腿動作有三次，第一次屈膝夾收於膝蓋，腳踝呈腳刀狀，第二次於第一腳踢擊完收回預備出腳姿勢，第三次為第二腳踢擊完成後收回身體中心。典型錯誤為踢擊前後未收腿動作，造成以擺的方式踢擊。兩段側踢踢擊第一腳於膝蓋，第二腳於頭部以上，頭、身體、腳跟需呈一直線並踢直。典型錯誤為臀部外突、踝部未呈腳刀狀、踢擊腳未完全伸直。研究建議：應著重訓練側踢標準位置、踢擊高度踢擊強度、踢擊穩定性四項踢擊能力。除了四項踢擊能力外，腰部及支撐腳旋轉的時間差非常重要。本研究針對4位現役國手、4位國手級教練與4位國際裁判研究對象，範圍僅侷限於少數受試者，後續研究者若能將研究範圍擴展至高中、大學甚至全國，將更具有代表性與推論的價值。關鍵詞：跆拳道品勢、高麗型、兩段側踢

關鍵字

跆拳道品勢；高麗型；兩段側踢

並列摘要

Abstract Taekwondo Poomsae was included as an event in recent mega sporting events such as the 2017 Taipei Universiade and 2018 Jakarta Asian Games. Since 2011, World Taekwondo Federation had revised the rules in competitive Poomsae by modifying the scoring proportion of 5 points each in both accuracy and presentation to 4 points for accuracy and 6 points for presentation. The Koryo Poomsae had 48 movements, which made it the Poomsae with the most technical movements, and the double side kick (kodeup yop chagi) was the movement with highest technical difficulty in Koryo. Research Objective: To understand the standard and common mistakes of double side kick in Koryo. Research Method: Semi-structured interview was used to collect information from 12 respondents which was made up of 4 national coaches, 4 international referees, and 4 current national athletes. Results: The double side kick flexion action has three phases: the first one is the implementation of knee, the ankle takes the foot knife position ; the second one comes after the kick, the leg goes back to the first phase getting ready to the second kick posture; the third phase comes after the second kick and ends with the completion of the body center .The most common mistake for this kick are after the first phase, directly go to the second kick without doing the flexion. Omit this flexion makes the action uncompleted, consequently, it is not a foot knife position and a kick but both are changed into a swing .The double side kick action has two phases : for the first phase, during the kick, the foot is in the continuity of the knee; in the second phase, the foot goes above the head or even higher on the head. During that phase, the head, the body, the heel have to be aligned and shape a straight line which will make the kicking leg going straight .Typical errors for the double side kick action is that the ankle doesn’t shape a foot knife, the behind is not well positioned, it is headed for the back, to the opposite of the rest of the body. All those errors have a result of a non straight kick. Research Suggestions: The training should be focused on four criteria which were standard position, kicking height, kicking strength, and kicking stability. Furthermore, the time difference for waist and supporting leg turning was also important. This research was aimed at 4 current national athletes, 4 national coaches, and 4 international referees which made the research limited to a small number of respondents. If this research could be expanded to high schools, universities, and even nationwide, the research can be more symbolic with valuable inference. Keywords: Taekwondo Poomsae, Koryo, double side-kick