日治時期臺灣少年團之研究

1907年，英國陸軍中將英國貝登堡(Robert Baden-Powell,1857-1941)進行了第一次的童軍(Boy Scout)露營，童軍是一個以養成良好公民的訓練方式，在戰前的日本則將童軍翻譯為「少年團」。本研究藉由日治時期少年團的相關研究與相關文獻，勾勒出日治時期臺灣少年團的發展，呈現少年團運動對殖民地青少年教育之影響，並探討臺灣少年團在戰前日本少年團運動中之特色。本研究將臺灣的少年團發展依照時序分為：「從軍事教育開始的少年義勇團」、「少年團日本聯盟在臺灣」、「戰時體制下的臺灣少年團」等階段，分別就各階段的組織與活動進行介紹與討論，進而探討日治時期臺灣少年團的歷史發展與各時期之活動特色，分析臺灣少年團與戰前日本少年團發展，甚至是世界少年團運動之相關性。本研究發現日治時期臺灣少年團具有「強調國際連動與日本帝國軍事動員需要之訓練方針」、「政府引入支持的社會教化團體」、「因應臺灣時局環境調整與族群共同參與為目標的訓練活動」等特性。其中在少年團日本聯盟組織來臺後，日本人、台灣人與原住民可以共同參與活動，並登錄於同一組織，且日本人需修習臺灣當地語言與文化，這是日本本土少年團發展最大不同之處，在戰前世界殖民地少年團發展上也是相當特殊之案例。而戰時體制下的少年團與青少年團，除了進行青少年組織動員的工作外，總督府也藉由少年團的組織與訓練，呈現臺灣在「興亞」與「拓南」的角色。而戰前少年團與戰後童子軍運動之延續與關聯，值得之後更進一步深入研究。

關鍵字

童軍；社會教育； Boy Scout ；少年團；身體訓練；殖民地教育

並列摘要

On 1907, Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell,(22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) hosted Boy Scout camping for the first time. Boy Scout is a training aims at developing robust citizenship. Before World War II, Japan called Boy Scout as Syonendan(少年團). This research organized Taiwanese Boy Scout in Japanese colonial time’s history through contemporary researches and related literature. It shows how Boy Scout influenced colonial teenager education and discusses which role did Taiwan Boy Scout movement before World War II. 　　This research chronically divided as “Boy Scout began from military education”, “Boy Scout of Japan in Taiwan” and “Taiwan Syonendan(少年團) under wartime system”. This research introduced the organization and activity features stage by stage, showing Taiwan Boy Scout in Japanese colonial time’s historical development and analysis it with development of Syonendan(少年團), even with Boy Scout movement in the whole world. 　　This research discovered that Taiwan Boy Scout has several characteristics, such as “emphasizing the training policy of international linkage and the military mobilization needs of the Japanese Empire”, “government-introduced social education groups” and “training activities in response to environmental adjustments and ethnic participation in Taiwan”. After Boy Scout came to Taiwan, people from Japan and those who born in Taiwan can co-participate in activities and named on the same organization. So Japanese had to learn local languages and culture in Taiwan, which is the most different part from Boy Scout of Japan and colonial Boy Scout in the whole world. Governor's Mansion also used Taiwan Boy Scout in “Revitalizing Asia” and “Developing South-eastern Asia”, The continuing situation and relationships between Boy Scout before and after World War II worth further research.