自然關聯性中的經驗、觀點、情感與親環境行為之研究：以馬來西亞高等教育華人青年為例

馬來西亞係為多元文化且自然資源充沛之國家，生態旅遊及自然資源管理發展良好，但是在環境心理學之親環境的行為研究上卻付之闕如。研究者從小成長在華人新村，這是華人祖先在移民到馬來西亞時，就已經建立的聚落，然而華人從中國祖籍地南渡至今，超過半個世紀，研究者係為馬來西亞第四代的華人，也是一位馬來西亞的青年。馬來西亞經過快速的發展，經濟優渥、社會狀況良好，也讓研究者深受良好教育。在世代高等教育已經非常普遍之際，當代教育是否影響了馬來西亞華人青年對自然的瞭解不可而知。本研究旨在調查馬來西亞高等教育華人青年自然關聯性以及其如何影響親環境行為之路徑，希望在生態旅遊、自然資源管理之外，也能透過教育與溝通管道，推動環境教育之總體營造。本研究採用自編量表，係以Nisbet （2009）的自然關聯性量表和新生態典範量表（Dunlap et al., 2000）為主軸，進行自然關聯性的觀點（自然的外部世界觀）、自然關聯性的經驗（與自然的物理關係）、自然關聯性的情感（內在認同的情感）之分析，並且運用了Kaiser（1998）所發展的生態行為量表進行親環境行之分析。最後，利用量化的方式進行分析，找出自然關聯性與親環境行為之關係及路徑。本研究通過如社交媒體渠道、青年相關組織和現場發放等多種途徑的滾雪球方法收集青年問卷，並使用結構方程模型（SEM）進行數據分析，以探索構建個體之間的關係。透過本研究預期能夠驗證在自然關聯性所提出的相關理論，並且進行差異性分析比較，找出相關的文化、教育、社會等背景差異依據，進行相關的研究分析探討，解決目前馬來西亞華人青年在自然關聯性與親環境行為的缺乏項目，互相學習並且對症下藥。在推動馬來西亞環境教育、生態旅遊和自然資源管理的溝通時，可透過不同媒介的環境教育傳播、方案、課程進行，希望能夠提升自然經驗的培養、情感面向的心靈提升和生態知識的學習，讓這一代青年能夠與環境互相了解邁向更永續的經濟、環境與社會發展。

關鍵字

自然關聯性；親環境行為；環境教育；結構方程模型

並列摘要

Malaysia is a multicultural and natural resource-rich country. Ecotourism and natural resource management are well developed, but there is no such thing as a study of the behavioral environment of environmental psychology. The researchers grew up in the Chinese Village. This was a settlement that Chinese ancestors had already established when they immigrated to Malaysia. After rapid development, Malaysia has enjoyed excellent economic conditions and good social conditions. It also allows researchers to be well educated. It is unclear whether contemporary education has affected Malaysian Chinese youth's understanding of nature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature relatedness (NR) of Chinese youth in Malaysian higher education and how they influence the Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB). In this study, a self-compiled scale was used, using the Nisbet (2009) the Nature Relatedness Scale and the New Ecological Canonical Scale (Dunlap et al., 2000) as the main axis to carry out the concept of Nature Perception (natural external world view), The analysis of nature experiences (physical relations with nature), natural related affect (positive and negative emotions of internal recognition), and the use of the ecological behavior scale developed by Kaiser (1998) analysis. Finally, the use of quantitative analysis, to find out the relationship between natural and pro-environmental behavior and the path. This study collected youth questionnaires through snowballing methods such as social media, youth organizations, and on-site distribution. Data analysis was conducted using the covariance infrastructure equation model to explore the relationship between constructing individuals. Through this study, it is detected that the relevant theories proposed in the nature relatedness could be verified, and the differences in analysis and comparison could be made to find relevant backgrounds for cultural, educational, social, and other background differences. Relevant research and analysis could be conducted to address current Malaysian Chinese youth since they could be in lack of project practices of nature relatedness and pro-environmental behaviors. Finally, in the emotionally oriented spirit of spiritual education and ecological knowledge education, this generation of Chinese young people can understand each other toward more sustainable economic, environmental, and social development.