修辭應用於動畫分鏡手法的探討與創作

製作分鏡腳本為影像創作所必經之過程，尤以動畫更為重要。因相較於實拍影片，動畫的修改動輒之人力或金錢更為可觀和複雜。分鏡即如同動畫之骨架，一個完善的分鏡能夠使動畫製作流程順暢運作。對於創作者，繪製分鏡同時是傳達創作理念的重要階段，如何在繪製分鏡時將概念或理念良好的影像化，則有賴於設計與調整分鏡內容的構成元素。現今雖有視覺傳達領域相關研究對部分修辭轉為視覺化的方式做出分析，但分鏡腳本至今仍無一套較完整的系統。分鏡腳本之依據為文本，文本之文句的修飾與修辭息息相關，修辭是透過使用修辭格修飾調整文句，準確的傳情達意。修辭學領域已有許多學者整理出嚴謹的修辭格分類，故借用文學修辭格之概念，且挑選出淺顯易懂之修辭格，與分鏡構成要素作概念上的連結，轉化後與分鏡腳本交互分析加以探討，並拓展出完整分鏡修辭格形式，經重整並作為創作之參考依據。本創作為2D動畫短片，將摹寫與映襯作為繪製分鏡時基本使用之修辭格，再視故事與畫面所需，使用其他修辭格予以設計分鏡，在創作過程中探討分鏡修辭格與創作流程之關係，最後與文獻探討、案例分析所得之結果進行整合，以提供創作者製作動畫時的參考原則。本研究之主要結論為：（1）分鏡修辭格為透過調整分鏡之視覺構成要素：構圖方式、角色及物件安排、鏡頭角度、景別、攝影機運動，使畫面達到預期之效果。（2）單一個分鏡畫面可以同時存在著好幾種修辭格，修辭格之作用不互相抵觸。（3）分鏡修辭格中，摹寫與映襯為故事建構的基本應用，摹寫主要用於建構故事之世界觀與環境，使用映襯之目的在於凸顯畫面中的重點，因此可透過檢視創作中是否含有此兩種修辭格，確定畫面傳達的資訊是否充足。（4）分鏡修辭格的應用不僅止於分鏡設計時需注意，故事發想、角色設計、場景設計時都屬於使用階段。（5）動畫之故事類型與美術風格皆會影響分鏡修辭格之應用。

關鍵字

動畫；分鏡；修辭格；構圖

並列摘要

To initiate a storyboard is essential and preliminary process to image creation, especially in animation. Compared to develop a movie, the manpower resources and financial cost as would be expected, making animated video more complex. Storyboard is like the skeleton of the animation. A perfect storyboard can make the animation production process run smoothly. For the creator, drawing the storyboard is also an important stage to convey the creative concept. How to visualize the concept when drawing a storyboard depends on the design and adjustment of the constituent elements of the storyboard. Although some analysis of storyboard methods has been mentioned previously, the systematic procedure for storyboard is still limited. A storyboard is based on the text, which is closely related to rhetoric, and has been classified into different strategies. In this present study, we aim to investigate the rhetoric that applied to storyboard of animation in order to develop a more completed form of storyboard. After further organization of storyboard, it could be use as references for creation. This creation is a 2D animation short film, using description and set off as two basic rhetoric when drawing storyboard. Other rhetoric are used to design storyboard when needed, depends on the story and the screen. Studying the relationship between rhetoric and the process of creation during creation. Finally, the results of the literature discussion and case analysis are integrated to provide the reference principles for the creator to make animations. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Rhetoric is the visual component of the adjustment of the storyboard: composition mode, character and object arrangement, lens angle, scene, camera movement, so that the picture achieves the desired effect. (2) There can be several rhetoric in a storyboard at the same time, and the functions of the rhetoric are not contradictory. (3) In the storyboard, description rhetoric and set off rhetoric are two basic application of the story. The main purpose of description rhetoric is to construct the world view and environment of the story. The purpose of using set off rhetoric is to highlight the key points in the picture. Therefore, it is possible to examine whether the two rhetoric are included in the creation to determine whether the information conveyed by the screen is sufficient. (4) The application of rhetoric not only needs to notice when design a storyboard, but also the use of the story, the character design and the scene design. (5) Type of the story and art style of the animation will affect the application of the rhetoric in storyboard.