以性別角度分析身體意象主題之兒童圖畫書

Analysis of the Body- Image Themed Children's Picture Books with Gender Perspective

陳柔琦(Chen Rou-Chi)

指導教授 ： 伊彬

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/設計學系/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU201900058

摘要

本研究欲了解身體意象主題之圖畫書中主角、作家與故事內容是否存在性別刻板印象及性別失衡的情形，並推廣將平等多元的觀念納入圖畫書創作，鼓勵創作者及出版業重視性別平等在圖畫書的重要性。身體意象為個體在心裡呈現自己身體的形象，若個體身體意象越低則對自己的外表越不滿。而圖畫書是孩童認識自己身體的媒介，他們能從圖畫書中了解每個人的獨特性，並學習接受自己與尊重他人。圖畫書傳達訊息的效果不亞於教科書，因此圖畫書同時也被當作情緒、導正偏差諮商的工具，對孩童價值觀的塑造具有不容小覷的影響力。本研究透過圖書館及網路書店搜集中文或中文翻譯，並符合身體意象主題之兒童圖畫書，再將樣本中共同會討論的元素，例如主角性別、身體意象低的部位等納入表格項目，並統計各項目的數量，再利用卡方檢定與描述型統計分析，最後以性別角度分析各項資料之間的關係，以供未來研究者及創作者參考。
研究結果如下，1. 女性主角與男性主角在圖畫書中的差別：（1）整體男性主角數量顯著高於女性（2）不管作家為男性或女性，筆下男性主角數量同樣顯著高於女性（3）女性扮演的角色種類顯著低於男性（4）男性人類角色的年齡職業可以橫跨不同範圍。2. 女性讀者的需求未被重視：（1）讀者看到女性故事的機會比較少（2）女性未獲得與男性一樣認識自己的機會（3）圖畫書產業的性別刻板印象需要被打破。3. 角色設計的原則與特徵：（1）動物昆蟲的特徵會成為主角身體缺陷的部位（2）動物角色表現缺陷的方式比人類角色誇張（3）人類女性角色造型具性別刻板印象（4）動物女性角色的設計比人類中性。4. 性別刻板印象與角色的關聯：（1）沒有男性主角以舞蹈為故事背景（2）角色形象會影響創作者對主角的性別選擇（3）打破刻板印象能成為創新的手法。5. 孩童與成人在意他人意見的對象不同：（1）第三人的意見對成人影響比孩童大（2）孩童比成人更易受同儕、教師及父母的影響（3）父母對孩童身體意象的影響力較少被描述。6. 身體意象圖畫書故事的共同性：（1）故事會以快樂、正面作為結局（2）故事發展架構相似，主角對自己不自信，並嘗試改變，最後學會接受自己的缺陷。7.進口樣本的數量為本土製作的5.6倍。

關鍵字

性別 ； 角色 ； 身體意象 ； 兒童圖畫書 ； 書目療法

並列摘要

The research aims for discussing if there is sex stereotype and gender unbalance in body-image themed children’s picture books. Also the research tries to promote equality, diversity and encourages writers, illustrators, and publishers to value gender equality. Body image is the mental reflection of individual. Low body image cause individual feeling dissatisfied of appearance. Children’s pictures book is the way children can know their bodies, learn to be confident of themselve and respect others. The effect children’s picture books have to diffuse knowledge is similar to textbooks, therefore, sometime they will be considered as the tool of emotional consulting. The research method is collecting body-image themed children’s picture books in Mandarin or translated in Chinese, and calculating the elements all samples have in stories, such as the gender of main characters and body parts with low body image. Then, use Chi-square distribution and descriptive statistics to analyze the data, and the relation of these elements with gender perspectives.
The research results are following: First, the difference of female and male main characters: (1) The number of male main characters is significant more than female. (2) No matter writers are male or female, the number of male main characters they write about is significant large than female. (3) The role female characters play are significant lower than male. (4) Male human characters can play more roles with different ages and careers. Second, female readers’ needs aren’t valued. (1) Readers read fewer female stories than male. (2) Women can’t have the same opportunity as men to know their bodies. (3) The sex stereotypes in children’s picture books industry need to be changed.Third, the principle used to design characters. (1) The features of animals or insects will be their flaws. (2) The flaws of animal characters can be more exaggerated than human. (3) The designs of women characters show sex stereotypes. (4) The designs of female animal characters are more neutral than human. Fourth, sex stereotypes are related to the types of characters. (1) There is no male main characters who are dancers. (2) The image of characters will influence the choice of character’s gender. (3) Breaking stereotypes can be the way of innovation. Fifth, people who children and adults care aren’t the same. (1) Third party opinions affect adults more than children. (2) Children are more easily to be influenced by peers, teachers, and parents than adults. (3) Parents’ impact on children’s body image is less told in children’s picture books. Sixth, the common point of the stories body-image themed children’s picture books have. (1) Stories will end happily. (2) The structures of how stories go are similar. Seventh, imported children’s picture books samples are 5.6 times more than local made samples.

並列關鍵字

gender ； character ； body image ； children's picture book ； bibliotherapy

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