商務華語線上發音自主訓練及語音偏誤分析：以印度籍學習者為例

在印度漸興的華文熱潮中，華語溝通與翻譯人才需求大增。印度一直以來保持與台灣的互動，且持續著重於商業。尤其是，台灣半導體的產業和印度的軟體產業，有不少經貿活動的往來。許多印度人開始選擇學習中文，以獲得更多的就業機會。因工作需求，學習商務中文的人數逐漸增加，相關教材的編輯開發也有空前的盛況。不過專業中文對於初級學習者來說，有一定的困難；加上課堂之外的時間，無法有教師糾正等情況。故本文希望透過線上自主學習平台，讓初級印度籍學習者學習口說商業華語，同時分析其語音偏誤和觀察其自主學習的能力和進步情形。本論文目的為研究初級印度籍學習者對於聲韻調的掌握及偏誤分析。本文將會研究一位以印度的印度籍商業背景的學習者，藉由行動學習數位工具──MyCT的幫助，讓學生練習商務華語文本，觀察學生經歷八個月的自主練習，語音習得之情況。並對比此印度籍學習者是否有前人研究所做的印度學習者之偏誤，擁有共同的偏誤現象，還是具特有的偏誤現象。研究結果分析發現，第一部份的問卷調查顯示，94人中有72個人想學習「發音聲調」，符合研究者假設印度學習者想要增強中文能力以語音為多。第二部分的實驗課程分析顯示，學習者經過八個月練習，偏誤率下降。其偏誤率的走勢呈現曲折反覆的過程，印證了Adjemian和魯健驥中介語特色「反覆性」的說法，和Kellerman提出的U型行為理論。同時也發現此學習者的整體偏誤狀況並無像過去文獻所呈現的偏誤數量和類型特徵來得多。

關鍵字

二語語音習得；印度學習者；商務華語；偏誤分析；線上口說檢測平台

並列摘要

There has been a rise in interest in learning Chinese in India, the demand for Chinese communication and translation skills has greatly increased. India has always maintained interaction with Taiwan and has continued to focus on business. In particular, the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and the software industry in India have a lot of economic and trade activities. Many Indians have begun to learn Chinese in order to obtain more employment opportunities. Due to work requirements, the number of people learning Business Chinese has gradually increased, and the editing of commercial textbooks has also been unprecedented. However, professional Chinese has certain difficulties for beginners; plus the time outside the classroom, teachers cannot correct their errors. Therefore, this article hopes that through the online self-correction platform, Indian beginners can learn spoken business Chinese, and analyze their phonetic errors and observe their self-correction ability and progress. This study analyzes the Indian learner’s errors about his consonants, vowels, and tones. We observe a learner who is an Indian and has business background. With the mobile learning digital tool—MyCT, the student is allowed to practice fixed text and observe how the student can improve after practicing for eight months. And compare whether this Indian learner has the errors of the previous research has done, has the common errors, or is it an unique errors. The analysis of the research results found that the first part of the questionnaire showed that 72 out of 94 people wanted to learn "pronunciation and tones", which is in line with the researcher's assumption that Indian learners want to enhance their ability with speaking as importance. The second part of the experimental training analysis showed that after eight months of practice, the learner's error rate went down. The trend of error rate presents a tortuous process, confirming the statement of "repetitiveness" in the interlanguage of Adjemian and Lu Jianji, and the U-shaped behavior theory proposed by Kellerman. At the same time, it is also found that the overall errors of this learner are not as many as the common errors shown in the past studies.