高中華文教材比較研究—— 以馬來西亞(獨中)、臺灣與中國大陸為例

馬來西亞的華文教育是中國大陸及臺灣以外保留得較完整的地區，對於高中華文課程的設置性質也有相似的理念及教育目標。這三個地區的高中華文教材都是以華語為母語的角度進行編輯，並且皆以中國古典文學、現當代文學及外國翻譯文學作品為內容。馬來西亞獨中使用的高中華文教材是由董總編纂出版;臺灣的高中國文教材是各正規出版社根據課程綱要編寫，呈現「一綱多本」狀態;中國大陸的教材則為教育部組織編輯，由人民教育出版社出版。本研究通過比較馬來西亞高中《華文》、臺灣高中《國文》及中國大陸高中《語文》，探討這三個地區高中華文教材的編輯特色與教學重點。本研究以教材編排比較及教材選文比較兩個方向進行。首先以宏觀的角度分析這三各地區高中華文教材的編排結構，並以相同的課文為例，比較各地教材的課文體例，探討各地高中華文教材的編寫差異與特色。另外，針對教材中的範文進行數量、範圍、體裁及篇目與作者的統計，分析各版教材的選文分配比例及選材取向，探討馬來西亞獨中、臺灣及中國大陸高中華文教學的重點。

關鍵字

高中華文；華文教材；馬來西亞獨中；臺灣高中；中國大陸高中

並列摘要

Malaysia's Chinese education is a relatively complete area outside the mainland of China and Taiwan. It has the similar concept and educational goals regarding the nature of Chinese language curriculum in high schools. The textbooks in these three regions senior high school are all edited from the perspective of Chinese as their first language, and they all with Chinese classical literature, modern literature and foreign translated literary works as content. The Chinese textbooks used by Malaysia Chinese Independent High School was compiled and published by United Chinese School Committees Association of Malaysia (UCSCAM); the Chinese textbooks in Taiwan are compiled by regular publishers according to the curriculum outline, presenting a state of "one guideline multiple selection"; the Chinese textbooks in mainland China are edited by the Ministry of Education and published by the People's Education Press (PEP). This study explores the editing characteristics and teaching focuses of Chinese textbooks for senior high schools in these three regions by comparing Malaysia Chinese Independent High School textbooks, Taiwan high school textbooks and mainland China senior high school textbooks. This study is based on the comparison of textbook arrangement and textbook articles selection. First, this paper analyzes the arrangement structure of the three editions of textbooks from a macro perspective, and takes the same texts as an example to compare the text styles of different editions of textbooks, and discuss the differences and characteristics of the compilation of Chinese textbooks for senior high schools in different regions. In addition, according to the statistics of the quantity, scope, genre, table of contents and author of the model articles in the textbooks, this paper analyzes the proportion of selected articles and the selection orientation in each edition of the textbooks, and discusses the key points of Chinese language teaching in Malaysia Chinese Independent High School, Taiwan and Mainland China senior high schools.