生命與專業的交織─兒少保社工的生命經驗於服務不當管教家庭之碰撞

The Interaction between Life Experience and Expertise-The role of Social Workers from Child Protection Service in Negative Parenting

吳家宜(Wu Chia-Yi)

指導教授 ： 陳杏容

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與社會科學學院/社會工作學研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202001066

摘要

不當管教在兒少保護服務中是最大宗的議題，傳統華人社會崇尚嚴厲管教，近代因為社會變遷、知識傳遞，民主式教養已成為現代的管教趨勢。生命經驗與教養觀點會影響實務工作，個人的專業訓練與服務資源也會影響服務的提供，且社會工作者與兒少成長於不同的世代，對於不當管教的看法也會有不同，因此本研究探討兒少保社工對於管教的看法、生命經驗在服務不當管教家庭的作用、服務中的困境與因應策略。
本研究透過立意抽樣與滾雪球抽樣，邀請11位年資3~13年的資深兒少保社工進行深度訪談，針對訪談資料分析結果如下：
一、兒少保社工對於管教的理念會依據家庭經驗、工作經驗、社會背景、文化脈絡不斷互動交織，在不同的階段對於不當管教會有不同的想像。
二、服務的評估標準綜合兒少保社工的生命經驗、社會大眾對管教的認知、主流管教文化、現有資源、評估指標、法律等因素。
三、生命經驗協助兒少保社工更理解服務對象、面對兩難案件成為評估依據、刺激兒少保社工在服務中的學習、與協助在服務中跳脫框架；也可能會影響兒少保社工的服務狀態或是形成評估的盲點，並透過自我覺察與反思協助兒少保社工發現生命經驗對自我的影響，也可以藉此成長與療傷。
四、當兒少保社工遇到困境或是茫然時，督導的提醒與協助、同儕的支持、諮商與外督協助自我探索與整理、網絡間的合作等的支持與協助，幫助兒少保社工面對困境。
最後根據研究結果，建議可以一、透過教育、多元活動、互動模擬、正向管教經驗分享或是邀請孩子與家長互動，傳遞正向的管教知能；二、增加兒少保服務的宣導，使社會大眾更了解兒少保社工的服務，提高對於兒少保社工專業的尊重度；三、增強管教服務的配套措施，加快邁向零體罰之目標；四、透過定時的個督、同儕督導、外督主題的篩選、與免費心理諮商的方式提供穩定的心理支持；五、增加系統間的合作，提供多元的求助或是介入管道，適時提供家庭管教相關議題的協助。

關鍵字

不當管教 ； 兒少保社工 ； 生命經驗

並列摘要

Negative parenting is the most important issue in the Child Protection Services. Traditional Chinese society advocates strict parenting. In modern times, due to social changes and knowledge transmission, democratic parenting has become the modern trend. Life experience and parenting perspectives will affect the social workers of child protection services. Personal professional training and service resources can also affect service provision; in addition, social workers who grew up in different generations will also have different opinions of negative parenting. Therefore, this study explores the views of social workers on parenting, the role of social workers’ life experience from child protection service in negative parenting, dilemmas and coping strategies in their service.
In this study, 11 senior social workers of child protection services with 3-13 years of experience were invited to conduct in-depth interviews through purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The results of the interview analysis are as follows:
1.Social workers of child protection services will constantly interact with each other based on family experience, work experience, social background and cultural context, and will have different conceptions regarding negative parenting at different stages.
2.The evaluation criteria of the service are based on the life experience of the child protection services social workers, the public's perception of parenting, the mainstream culture of parenting, available resources, assessment indicators, laws, and other factors.
3.Life experience helps social workers to better understand service objects, face dilemma cases in their assessment basis, stimulate social workers to learn and evolve in their service, and assist them to break out of the traditional service framework. It may also affect the service status of the child protection services social workers or form blind spots in their assessments. Their self-reflections can help the child protection services social workers to discover the influence of life experience on themselves, which can also be used for self-growth and healing.
4.When the child protection services social workers are in trouble or at a loss, the guidance and assistance of supervisions, support of peers, assistance of counselors in self-directed search and self-arrangement, and the support and external supervision assistance of network cooperation can help the child protection services social workers face their difficulties.
Finally, based on the results of the study, the following suggestions are provided: 1. Through education, diversified activities, parent-child interaction simulation, sharing of positive parenting experience, or inviting children to interact with parents, positive parenting understanding can be transmitted and actual operation improved. 2. The promotion of child protection services should be increased so that the public will know more about the services of child protection social workers and respect their profession. 3. Strengthen the supporting measures of parenting service to speed up the goal of zero corporal punishment. 4. Stable psychological support should be provided through regular individual supervision, peer supervision, selection of topics for external supervisions and free psychological counseling. 5. Increasing cooperation between systems, providing multiple assistance or treatment channels, and timely assistance on issues related to family parenting are highly recommended.

並列關鍵字

negative parenting ； social worker of child protection services ； life experience

參考文獻

方昱（2009）。反思性社會工作：「漂流社工」的社區實踐與社工教育。東吳社會工作學報，21，83-99。

林文瑛、王震武（1995）。中國父母的教養觀：嚴教觀或打罵觀？本土心理學研究，3，2-92。

徐畢卿、羅文倬、龍佛衛（1999）。雙親教養態度量表中文版之信效度研究。護理研究，7（5），479-489。

魏世台（2002）。中國文化中父母教養方式之研究。宜蘭技術學報，9，341-369。

一、中文文獻