中國文化中父母教養方式之研究

Assessing Parenting Styles in Chinese Culture

魏世台(Shih-Tai Wei)

《宜蘭技術學報》 9期人文及社會專輯 (2002/12) Pp. 341-369

https://doi.org/10.6179/nit.lam.2002.09.32

摘要

本研究旨在探討受西方文化衝激後當前父母教養方式的因素成分。美國加州柏克萊大學教授Baumrind以其縱貫性研究結果所建構的父母教養類型論為本研究量表設計的理論基礎。研究對象為台北市國中學生1380名（男生680名，女生700 名）。每一位受試分別就其對父親與母親的教養方式做反應。因素分析的結果得到五個因素：「母親之權宜—關愛—讓渡取向」（Maternal Authoritative-Affective-Relinquishing Factor） 、「父親之權宜—讓渡取向」（Paternal Authoritative-Relinquishing Factor）、「雙親之威權取向」（Authoritarian Factor）、「雙親之非指導取向」（Nondirective Factor）、及「父親之關愛取向」（Paternal Affective Factor）。本研究之重要發現包括：(1)父親與母親的「權宜」表現皆與原屬於「寬鬆」教養類型的「讓渡」成分相關聯；(2)父親與母親在「威權」與「非指導」因素上有共同性：及(3)母親的「關愛」與「權宜」表現屬於同一因素，父親則有高相關，但屬不同因素。本研究之結果顯示中西父母教養態度上的共通與殊異性，以及當前父母教養態度與過去研究結果之明顯差異，值得親職教育研究或工作者參考。本研究結果是否可解釋台北以外地區之父母的教養行為，有待進一步驗證。

關鍵字

父母教養 ； 青春期 ； 權宜型

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to identify the parenting factors in Chinese culture. Baumrind's parenting typology theory were the rationales of the current study. The adolescent subjects (1,380 eighth-grade students, 680 boys and 700 girls) completed the Chinese Parental Authority Questionnaire (CPAQ). Five factors were extracted: Maternal Authoritative-Affective-Relinquishing Factor, Paternal Authoritative-Relinquishing Factor, Authoritarian Factor, Nondirective Factor, and Paternal Affective Factor. The major findings include: (1) Not like in Western culture, authoritative parenting pattern is always accompanied with relinquishing component no matter concerning paternal or maternal parenting; (2) The father's and mother's authoritarian parenting were related to each other while their nondirective performance were associated as well; and (3) The father's affective is not accompanied with authoritative behavior as mother's affective and authoritative performance appeared in the same factor. The preliminary study provides empirical evidences of the changing of parenting practices which highlights the importance of further investigation.

並列關鍵字

adolescent ； authoritative ； Chinese ； parenting