戰後臺灣西部沿山鄉街之區域發展（1950~2019）

The Regional Development of the mountainside rural towns in western Taiwan in the Post-War Period (1950~2019)

莊宜璇(Chuang Yi-Hsuan)

指導教授 ： 林聖欽

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/地理學系/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202001661

摘要

鄉街具有都市及鄉村的特性，直至清末，臺灣大致已出現沿海、平原、沿山三類鄉街市鎮群；其中，沿山鄉街開發較晚，加上地理位置特殊，影響其發展的原因可能與其餘兩者不同。自戰後以來，各沿山鄉街出現不同的人口發展情形，其中又以衰退現象為多，不禁好奇為何自戰後會有不同的發展情形？影響的原因又是什麼？為何有些又可以歷久不衰呢？
本研究以數據分析、文獻整理及實地考察方式，找出影響人口變遷及內部分布趨勢的原因，並試圖透過成長極理論及核心—邊陲模式，對上述問題提出解釋。
研究結果有以下三點：
一、戰後沿山鄉街人口變遷以1970年為界，1950~1970年人口皆呈現正成長，1970年後部分鄉街陸續出現人口衰退現象，依人口變化趨勢及人口成長指數差異，可分為穩定成長型、低度成長型及成長衰退型，共三類沿山鄉街。
二、1970年前，影響沿山鄉街人口成長的原因，與當地興盛的產業較為相關，依產業類別劃分，可分為農林資源類、礦物資源類及工業產品類，這三類皆有依靠「地方型資源產業」發展的特徵。
三、1970年後，沿山鄉街內部的人口分布趨勢為：人口成長區域以靠近都市的地區及舊市街中心為主，其主要是受到鄰近都市外溢的社會增加影響；而人口衰退的區域以遠離都市、靠近山地的地區為主，加上交通革新影響，使得人口衰退區域的外移現象更加明顯。

關鍵字

鄉街 ； 核心邊陲模式 ； 人口變遷 ； 人口分布

並列摘要

Rural town possesses the features of both urban and country. ln the late Qing Dynasty, about three types of townships had developed in Taiwan: seaside, plain and mountainside. Among them, because of the later development of mountainside rural town besides its unique geographic location, the factor that influences its development might differ from the other two. Since the post-war period, every rural towns have witnessed different population developments, while most of them are decaying. This makes us wonder why there were different developments since post-war period. What are the influences? Why some rural towns can be long-lasting?
This research adopts data analysis, literature reviews and field study to find out the factors that influence the population changes and internal distribution patterns. We try to explain the above-mentioning issues with growth pole theory and core-periphery model.
The results are as following:
1.The year 1970 is a threshold for post-war mountainside rural towns population change, while population is growing positively during 1950 to 1970, and some rural towns began to witness population decaying consecutively after 1970. Based on the pattern of population change and the difference in population growth index, we can classify rural towns into three categories: steady growth, low growth and growth decay.
2.Before 1970, the factors that influenced rural towns population is relative to the local prevalent industries. They can be categorized by the classes of industries into agriculture & forestry resources, mineral resources, and manufacturing goods. These categories rely on the features of local resources industry development.
3.After 1970, the internal population distribution pattern of mountainside rural towns is as following. Area with growing population located near urban area and the center of old townships. It is mostly affected by the social increase causing by the nearby urban spreading. Area with decreasing population located far way from the urban area and was near mountainous area. Along with the influences of traffic advancement, it intensified the external migration from the population decaying area.

並列關鍵字

Rural Town ； Core-Periphery model ； Population Change ； Population Distribution

參考文獻

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