嘉義縣地方派系的空間特性（2002-2009）

地方派系一直以來在臺灣政治發展中扮演著相當重要的角色。長期以來，媒體報導常將地方派系塑造成以金錢與暴力介入選舉的形象，而許多研究也發現，地方派系擁有強大的動員能力，因此對於地方選舉具關鍵性的影響。誠然臺灣在歷經都市化、經濟發展與教育水平提升的情況下，選民的政黨取向、候選人取向、政見取向將逐漸成為選票的重要因素，但是在派系意識強烈的地區，地方派系對於選舉仍有很大的影響力。　　以嘉義縣來看，地方派系長期以來就是主宰地方政治的一股勢力。自第五屆議會會長選舉（1961）和第六屆縣長（1968）選舉之後，黃、林兩派各擁其主對立，並在全縣18鄉鎮展開全面性的派系競爭。派系的鬥爭主要目的在於獲得地方執政權以及政治資源，所以縣長與縣議員選舉對於派系來說至關重要。縣長選舉從黃派李雅景開始（1993-2001）至林派陳明文投身民進黨並連任兩屆縣長（2001-2009），在這段期間派系勢力產生急劇的變化，林派與民進黨結盟的運作模式成功扭轉長期以來黃派執地方牛耳之勢，派系之間的對立似也轉為政黨的競爭。但是實際上，因政治利益與民進黨結合的林派與企圖浴火重生的黃派，其背後所展現出的動員能力與社會基礎，是否已轉變為政黨意識？而縣長與縣議員選舉所表現出的空間分布其差異與特色為何？地方派系勢力影響的原因何在？更重要的是，地方派系的空間型態是否反映臺灣選民社會網絡的結構？本文試圖透過嘉義縣地方派系的優佔區，以縣議員選舉為區域尺度，三屆的時間尺度，分析嘉義縣地方派系的空間特性。社會網絡是決定地方派系勢力的重要因素，其中，農、漁會的角色尤其重要。地方派系動員選票時，候選人本身的鄰友效應圈現象則體現地理學中的人地互動與人人互動。關鍵字：地方派系、鄰友效應圈、買票

關鍵字

地方派系；鄰友效應圈；買票

並列摘要

Local factions has been playing a very important role in the political development in Taiwan. Over the years, media reports often portray the local factions with money and violence involved in electoral image, but many studies have found that local factions have a strong mobilization capacity, so the local elections a key influence. It is true that in the case of Taiwan, through urbanization, economic development and education to enhance the level of political orientation of voters, candidates orientation, political orientation will become an important factor in the ballot, but in a strong sense of regional factions, factions for local elections is still great influence. In Chiayi County, the local factions have long been a force to dominate local politics. Since the fifth president after parliamentary elections (1961) and sixth county (1968) elections, Huang-faction and Lin-faction each hold their main opposition factions, and two factions launched a comprehensive 18 townships in the county competition. The main purpose of factional struggle is to obtain local executive power and political resources, so the county and county council elections is crucial for the faction. Returning from Magistrate Ya-Jing Lee of Huang-faction began (1993-2001) to Lin-faction to join the DPP and Ming-Wen Chen won two consecutive terms Magistrate (2001-2009), during this period factions forces lead to a drastic change. The mode of operation of the alliance successfully reversed long-standing executive acknowledged leaders of the potential of Huang-faction, rival factions seems to have turned the competition of parties. But in fact, due to a combination of political interests between Lin-faction and DPP, and attempt to rise of the ashes of Huang-faction, the show behind the mobilization and social basis, whether consciousness has been transformed into political parties? What are the spatial distribution and characteristics of the county council elections demonstrating? Why the local factions forces affecting election? More importantly, do the local factions spatial patterns reflect the structure of Taiwan's electorate of social networks? This article attempts through the occupied zone excellent local factions of Chiayi County, the county council elections as a regional scale, the three time scales, analyze the spatial characteristics of Chiayi County local factions. Social networking is an important factor in determining local factions forces, including agriculture, fisheries role will be particularly important. When the local factions to mobilize votes, the candidate's phenomenon of neighbors-and-friends effect is reflected in the people interact locality and interact with everyone of human geography. Keywords: local factions, The Friends-and-Neighbours Effect, vote buying