日治時期日人臺語書寫與象徵性權力關係之研究

語言符號蘊涵著權力關係，象徵性機制也必定隨著權力的鋪張而發生，官方的語言政策，藉由政府行政單位或教育機關的普及分配，正當化既有的官方權力，支配著場域中語言符號的主流及非主流位置，此即為典型「語言象徵性權力」的再生產機制。植基於「語言象徵性權力」的概念，本文旨在探討日治時期在臺日人臺語書寫與象徵性權力之間的關係。臺灣首任總督府學務部長伊澤修二（1851-1917）確立「漢字為主，假名為輔」的模式，成為官方及在臺日人的主流書寫型態。雖然在臺日人充分展現出順應官方書寫型態的時勢潮流，不過就用字一致性的層面來看，並未按照官方預期的假名符號路線所進展。此時，兼松礒熊（1867-?）企圖透過吸取羅馬字系統的經驗，提出一套新的假名系統，作為對總督府系統的檢討。對擁護「正統」的渡邊雅（1867-?）而言，兼松式假名植根於羅馬字的改革思維，就是一種格格不入的「異質」產物，於是雙方展開一場表音符號的象徵性權力防守戰。並且，渡邊雅立基於自己的臺語書寫思維，於1903年創作出臺語小說〈含笑花〉，成為推展官方書寫型態的最佳文學作品。而這樣的符號碰撞論調，在1931年《臺日大辭典》出版後有了變化，《臺日大辭典》將官方的「象徵性權力」及「語言論述」連成一氣，使得官方假名的象徵性位階得以在場域中存續，化解過去屢屢遭受民間挑戰的窘境。

關鍵字

臺語書寫；象徵性權力；兼松礒熊；渡邊雅；〈含笑花〉；《臺日大辭典》

並列摘要

Language symbols imply power relations, and symbolic mechanisms must also occur with the extravagance of power. The official language policy, with the popularization of government administrative units or educational institutions, justifies the existing official power ,and controls the mainstream and non-mainstream positions of linguistic signs in the field. This is the typical reproduction mechanism of " symbolic power of language". Based on the concept of "symbolic power of language", this article aims to explore the relationship between Japanese writing in Taiwanese and symbolic power during Japanese-Occupied Period. The first minister of academic affairs of Taiwan Governor ’s Office, Izawa Shuji (1851-1917), established the model of “Sinograph predominantly, supplemented by Kana”, which became the mainstream writing style in Taiwanese of the official and Japanese in Taiwan. Although Japanese in Taiwan had fully demonstrated the trend of conforming to the official writing style, in terms of word consistency, they had not progressed according to the official Kana symbol route. At this time, Kanematsu Isokuma (1867-?) attempted to draw on the experience of the Romanization system to propose a new Kana system as an alternative to the Governor ’s Office system. For Watanabe Masari/Masaru (1867-?), who advocated "orthodoxy", the reform of Kanematsu’s Kana system based on the Romanization system is an outlier "heterogeneity" product, so the two sides launched a symbolic defense of phonetic symbols. In addition, based on his writing thinking in Taiwanese, Watanabe wrote the Taiwanese novel Smiling Flower in 1903, becoming the best literary work to promote the official writing style. This kind of symbol conflict had changed since the publication of the Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary in 1931. The Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary combined the official "symbolic power" and "language discourse" into one, which allowed the symbolic rank of the official Kana to survive in the field and resolved the plight of the people challenge in the past.