馬來西亞檳城福建話研究

本文主要關注3個焦點：檳城福建話的語言特色；以符碼優先理論看檳城的招牌與《檳城新報》內的廣告；解碼百年前檳城街道名稱內的語言密碼與文化意涵。首先透過語言調查，整理檳城福建話的語音系統，並與相關的次方言比較，得出檳城福建話與漳州、龍海更為接近。由於語言接觸的關係，檳城福建話內有著馬來語、英語的借詞，也讓檳城福建話不同於其他地區的閩南語。其次，招牌是語言景觀中重要的一環。透過對招牌的解讀觀看實體世界的語言如何呈現在檳城的招牌上。《檳城新報》的語言景觀多元而豐富，不論是煙或酒類廣告的語言數量以多語言為常態。語言景觀具有傳遞訊息和象徵的功能，這些看得見、讀得到的報章雜誌與招牌，傳遞出檳城當地多元族群的互動。最後，路名是語言與文化結合的產物，背後蘊藏著相關的歷史記憶。本文以Lo Man Yuk的路名記錄為研究材料，著重福建話路名的分析，並探究隱藏在路名中的語言特色及文化語詞。語言特色有著「兼具漳、廈特色」，尤其是「漳州腔」的比例最多。面對外來語，主要以音譯相關方式進行外來語的借用。文化語詞上，能看到海外華人在血緣、地緣、業緣這3方面的互動性很高，也有自己的文化內涵在其中。了解一個語言可以透過多方視角進行。本文以傳統語言學、語言景觀與文獻梳理的方式，描繪出平面的語言系統、特徵，和立體的廣告招牌現象，以呈現檳城福建話的在地性與特殊性。

關鍵字

檳城福建話；語言景觀；語言接觸；《檳城新報》；街名

並列摘要

There are three focuses of this research paper: the language characteristics of the Penang Hokkien; viewing the signs in Penang and advertisements in the "Penang Sin Poe" from the Code Priority Theory; decoding the language password and cultural significance of the Penang street names from hundreds of years ago. First of all, organizing the dialect system of Penang Hokkien, and comparing it with the related subdialect, the conclusion was reached that Penang Hokkien is closer to Zhangzhou, Longhai through the language survey. Due to the contact between languages, there are loanwords from Malay and English in Penang Hokkien that makes it different from the Minnan dialect from other regions. Next, signs are an important part of the language landscape. Viewing how the language of the physical world is presented on the signs of Penang is possible through the interpretation of signs. The linguistic landscape of "Penang Sin Poe" is diverse and rich. There are a number of languages in advertisements for cigarettes and alcohol, so a multilingual landscape is the norm. The language landscape has the functions of passing messages and symbols, thus newspapers, magazines and signs pass on meaning from the local ethnic groups in Penang. Finally, road names are a product of combining language and culture with hidden historical memories. In this paper, the research material is based on the road name records of Lo Man Yuk. The focus is analyzing road names in the Hokkien dialect, and exploring the language characteristics and cultural words hidden in the road names. Language features have the characteristics of both Zhangzhou and Xiamen with the largest proportion derived from the Zhangzhou accent. In terms of loanwords, they are mainly based on transliteration. In terms of cultural words, three areas of consanguinity, geographic, and business interactivities among overseas Chinese are high, and included with their own cultural connotations. Understanding a language can be done from a multifaceted perspective. This paper depicts the plane language system, characteristics, and three-dimensional advertisement signs using the methods of traditional linguistics, language landscapes, and literature organization to show the localities and specialties of Penang Hokkien.