戰後臺灣商業劇場東華皮戲團表演活動研究

「商業劇場」，即是以「商業」為主的演出。是以觀眾買票進場消費看戲為主軸。有別於傳統酬謝神明，聘請戲團演出的性質。臺灣最早的商業劇場，始於日治時期。1945年後，社會環境有別於先前的戰時環境，臺灣各地方的戲曲，再度活絡，競相地再度走進商業體系演出。締造了無數的佳績，創下臺灣傳統戲曲商業劇場的黃金時代。臺灣商業劇場，是為研究臺灣戲劇發展史上，不容忽視的一環。由於商業劇場的表演性質，促成了臺灣傳統戲曲，特殊的表演文化。皮影戲也不例外，也走進入了商業體系的表演，與無數傳統戲劇、新興娛樂，相互的在商業體系中競爭。在臺灣皮影戲的發展上，商業劇場的演出，佔有相當重要的一個部份。它創造出了皮影戲新的表演藝術取向，為皮影戲藝術開創了不同領域，促成了皮影戲在該時期中，特殊的表演文化。本文主以戰後臺灣皮影戲商業劇場研究為主題，探討1945年至1970年之間，皮戲進入商業劇場近25年的發展與表演文化。透過文獻與史料的相互分析，梳理戰後的皮影戲進入商業劇場後，如何在商業劇場的競爭下，發展出獨特的表演風格，以及在商業劇場中有何種表演、音樂、視覺上的變異。以往對於臺灣皮影戲商業劇場的了解，是以史料的分析。是故，文中嘗試以皮影戲劇團在商業劇場的表演活動、藝術展現為討論對象。建構出劇團的表演活動，解析皮影戲在商業劇場的劇藝發展。由皮戲劇團的表演活動，解讀出戰後臺灣皮影戲在商業劇場的始末。文中選定東華皮戲團為主軸，東華皮戲團是為家族代代相承的皮戲團，也為全臺歷史最為悠久的皮戲團。亦是全臺的皮影戲團中，唯一成功的將皮影戲，帶入商業劇場體系中表演的劇團。更是全臺唯一大量且長期走入商業劇場，並橫跨城鄉的皮影戲劇團。文中藉由東華皮戲團所留下的商業劇場文獻史料，分析臺灣的皮影戲在商業劇場的過程，以及在劇場中發展出何樣的劇場表演美學，如何延伸出新式的表演形式，而商業劇場的演出，對於日後皮影戲表演藝術的啟發。本文的重點，除了論述戰後皮影戲商業劇場史、及其社會、文化現象的部份以外，文中的另一個重點，探討皮影戲走入商業劇場演出的劇本特點。劇本為一劇之本，也是戲劇表演最為重要依據。從劇本的形式，可以看出劇本受到環境、觀眾等影響，在內容上改變。而這些改變，也反應出每個時期所創作劇本的不同。文中分別針對皮影戲商業劇場的演出本，進行分析。解析商業劇場有何種演出劇本，在商業劇場的演出下，演師又創造出何種迥異傳統的劇本表演形式，這些劇本又有何種風格，其中的劇本有何種在地化的特徵。而後在1966年後，皮影戲的劇本寫作模式，有何種的變革？商業劇場的演出劇本，對日後臺灣皮影戲的演出，又產生有何種影響。關鍵詞：東華皮戲團、皮戲、商業劇場、劇本、戰後

關鍵字

東華皮戲團；皮戲；商業劇場；劇本；戰後

並列摘要

“The commercial theater” includes the main part of the “commercial” performances. By means of paying for the tickets, the audience can get into the theater to enjoy the performance. It differs from the traditional performance- the play for the reward of Gods. The earliest commercial theater has begun in the Japanese colonial era. Japanese people brought into the modern theater culture, which changed the old form of performance. After 1945, the social environment was different from that of Japanese wartime. The local opera in Taiwan, once again, was active. The commercial theater created the golden age of traditional operas in Taiwan, and it was also an era in which traditional operas performed in competition with each other. To study the development history of operas in Taiwan, we couldn’t ignore the importance of the commercial theater. At the same time, it also could achieve the special types of the performances in traditional performances in Taiwan. Within the history developments of the shadow puppet play, it was also influenced by the commercial performances. This paper is based on the study of the development of the commercial theater culture, between 1945 and 1970, about twenty-five years of the shadow puppy play in postwar Taiwan. By means of the analysis of the data and historical articles, it indicated how the shadow puppy play developed its unique style of the performance, including the variations in music and visual actors, under the competition of the commercial theater culture. Most of the previous study of the commercial theater culture in the shadow puppy play was historical articles. Therefore, this paper mainly discusses on the performance activities and art show. So it took an example for Tung-Hua Shadow Puppet Play to be a stream part of study. Tung-Hua Shadow Puppet Play is a performance troupe of generations to generations. It is a historical troupe, which is the only one leading the shadow puppy play into the commercial performance successfully, in Taiwan. More, it is also a troupe, which is the only one performing everywhere in Taiwan to carry out the commercial performance. Through the study of the commercial performance data of the Tung-Hua Shadow Puppet Play, we could realize how the shadow puppy play brought out new styles of performance and developed what kinds of art in Taiwan. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part is discussing about the developments of the historical performance society and culture, and the second part is about the changing history of the script of the shadow puppy play. A script is an important spirit of a play. And from the different types of scripts, we could realize the influences of the audiences or circumstances in the period of time. At the same time, the influences could make the performance different from each other. According to scripts of the shadow puppy play, this paper will discuss the analysis of different commercial performances, which is producing what kinds of styles and their various localization characteristics. After 1966, there would be what variations of scripts would produce and the scripts of commercial theater would bring what kinds of influences in Taiwan. Keywords: Tung-Hua Shadow Puppet play, shadow Puppet play, commercial theater, leather play, postwar