中小學體育班績效管理指標建構之研究

綜觀目前世界各國對於青少年運動選手發展，主要係透過學校體育、運動俱樂部及體育運動學校等培訓體系，在我國，則是以學校運動團隊或實施體育班制度做為競技運動選手培訓搖籃。本研究目的在於探討我國中小學體育班發展現況及困境，建構「中小學體育班績效管理指標」俾提供體育行政主管機關作為體育班經營管理及制定相關政策之參考。研究過程中，透過文獻及文件分析法、焦點團體座談及模糊德懷術專家意見調查問卷，進行結合質性與量化混合研究後，發現如下：一、我國中小學體育班政策自1968年指定3所高中成立體育實驗班至2013年訂頒《高級中等以下學校體育班設立辦法》作為法源依據迄今，體育班學校數量逐年攀高，全國22縣（市）僅金門縣及連江縣二縣未有學校設立體育班。截至106學年度計已核定721校設立1,894班體育班，總學生人數逾4萬人；依教育階段別區分，以國中階段校數最多，依行政區域區分，以高雄市轄內校數最多。體育班發展困境包含缺乏區域三級或四級銜接培訓規劃、假體育班問題、學生課業成績低落、參賽頻繁及過度訓練造成運動傷害等。二、本研究所建構之「中小學體育班績效管理指標」，係「層面→項目→檢核指標」三個層次之指標架構，涵蓋「政策願景」、「課程發展」、「專業人力」、「資源統整」及「績效表現」等5個層面指標，並向下展開14個項目指標及43個檢核指標，因係透過焦點團體座談及模糊德懷術專家意見調查問卷進行檢核後整合之專家意見，獲得專家高度共識，極具適切性。三、依本研究結果，就檢核指標之整體排序而言，以避免校園性平事件之檢核指標排序最優先，性平議題首次納入體育班經營管理之重要議題；而排序第43者，為有關結合運動志工協助體育班訓練務之檢核指標，其重要性雖非為優先排序，惟因係依據法規辦理之事項，仍應極研擬配套措施以為因應。此外，聚焦學生基本學力之檢核指標均獲專家高度共識，顯示培育學術兼備之學生運動員為體育班之重要績效指標。四、就未來指標應用方面，建議可以做為全國一致性之體育班輔導訪視之參據；就後續研究方面，建議可以本研究建構之指標進行實地調查分析，並依教育階段別，建構不同之體育班績效管理指標。關鍵字:運動治理、學校體育、體育政策、體育班

關鍵字

運動治理；學校體育；體育政策；體育班

並列摘要

In Taiwan, the government implemented athletic class in school system to explore potential athletes earlier and to provide the student athletes a good and professional training environment in order to promote their performance. As athletic class system played a very important role in cultivating outstanding sports talents and improving the level of national competitive sports, the success of this system was also important for the sustainable development to the performance of national competitive sport, the purpose of this research was to explore the current situation and predicament of the development of school athletic classes in primary and secondary schools in Taiwan and to construct the "Performance management indicators for school athletic classes in primary and middle schools" which could be provided for the government of Taiwan to manage the athletic classes and the formulation of relevant policies. The research was applied of mixed approach orientation, the methods of literature and document analysis, focus group discussion and the fuzzy Delphi were conducted as a combination of quantification and qualitative research, and the results were as follows: 1.There were 22 counties (cities) in Taiwan and only 2 of them had no school athletic classes. In the 106 academic year, there were total 721 schools approved to the establishment of 1,894 athletic classes with a total number of students of more than 40,000. Among the schools, the numbers of secondary schools were the largest, and the numbers of schools in Kaohsiung City was the largest, however, it did not indicate that the performance of school sport of Kaohsiung city was not the most outstanding in Taiwan. As to the development dilemma to athletic classes included the lack of regional three- or four-level training programs, fake sports classes, poor performance, frequent competition and over-training. 2.The "Performance Management Indicators for Athletic Classes" constructed by this research was a three-level indicator structure of "Levels → Projects → Checking Indicators" covering "Policy Vision", "Course Development", "Professional Human Resource", “Resource Integration” and “Performance” and following 14 projects and 43 checking indicators which were all seemed to be appropriate. 3.According to the results of this research, in terms of the overall ranking of the 43 checking indicators, the indicator which was to avoid the events of sexual assault or sexual harassment in the campus was the highest priority of all. It was the first time that the issue of gender equity was indicated in the management of the athletic classes. The importance of checking the indicators for the training of sports volunteers in conjunction with sports volunteers was not prioritized. However, due to matters that were handled in accordance with the regulations, the sport authorities were required to actively research and develop supporting measures. In addition, the inspection indicators focusing on the basic scholastic ability of students in the athletic classes had been highly recognized by experts, indicating that the cultivation of academically-accepted student athletes was the key indicator for high-performance athletic classes. 4.As to the advice for the future application of the indicators, the indicators could be used as a reference for the national school athletic classes evaluation in order to keep the quality of athletic classes; for the follow-up research, it was recommended that the indicators constructed in this study could be field surveyed and analyzed, and could be constructed according to the different stage of education. Keywords: sport governance; school sport policy, sport policy, athletic classes