我國對外籍人士及非法移民管理措施之研究：以西班牙經驗為借鏡

本論文以文獻探討、個案研究與比較分析的方法，研究我國對外籍人士與非法移民的管理措施，並以西班牙的經驗為借鏡，討論我國在移民事務與管理的面向，有哪些可以持續精進的地方。　　本研究發現，我國與西班牙的移民事務與管理有以下的差異。第一，我國將移民問題放置在內政的層次，而西班牙則是放在勞動與社會安全的層次。第二，我國並沒有一部明確的移民政策，要釐清我國對移民的態度，只能從政府的施政計畫、移民署業務職掌、人口政策白皮書等文件或資料，勾勒出我國的移民政策內容。西班牙則是將國家的移民政策寫入法律條文中，明確地宣示國家對於移民問題的態度與立場。第三，我國移民署身兼政策規劃與管理機關，而西班牙在移民事務的政策規劃與移民管理，各別分屬不同的部會執掌。第四，我國的移民法令分散，沒有一部真正的外籍人士的基本法。西班牙則有兩部專門規範移民事務的法令，第五，我國對外籍人士的管理上，著重在以國家高度對外籍人士實施管轄。西班牙雖然在外籍人士的管理上，雖然也享有管轄權，但對相關權益受侵害時，將給予權利救濟手段。第六，我國的非法移民管理比較偏向國家層次的查察，西班牙除了靠國家力量尋求非法移民問題的解決外，也把非法移民問題塑造成是整個歐盟的問題，並且協助移民母國的發展。　　我國在移民事務與管理的面向上，本論文提出幾點建議。第一，移民署的定位與功能要明確。第二，我國應儘速訂立移民政策，並在移民法令上進行整合。第三，給予合法移民者權益更多的保障。第四，處理非法移民問題應有更宏觀的視角，且應降低對立面的管理措施，釐清非法移民問題所在，才能有效解決問題。

關鍵字

移民；外籍人士；非法移民

並列摘要

This research was done by means of literature review, cases studies, and comparative analysis. It mainly focuses on the area in foreigners and illegal/irregular immigrants’ management of Taiwan. The author also reviewed the foreigners and illegal/irregular immigrants’ management of Spanish Government, and suggested few aspects to better the immigrants’ affairs and management. 　　This research found the differences in immigrants’ affairs and management between Taiwanese and Spanish Government. First, Taiwan put the immigration issue in the range of interior affairs. However, Spain regarded immigration issue as a problem of labor and social security. Second, Taiwan did not have specific immigration policy, but Spain did. Third, Immigration Agency in Taiwan is in charge of both immigration policy planning and immigrants’ management. Notwithstanding, in Spain, the mentioned two affairs are assigned to two different public authorities. Fourth, Taiwan did not integrate the relevant immigration regulations into a Fundamental Act of Foreigners; nevertheless, in Spain, the main regulations to the foreigners are merely two. Fifth, the foreigners’ management in Taiwan is lack of judicial remedies, but in Spain, there are approaches for foreigner to apply. Sixth, in resolving illegal/irregular immigrants’ problem, Taiwan is accustomed to strengthen law enforcement. However, beside Sate behavior, Spain also consulted to the help of EU, and provided the foreign aid of development to immigrants’ motherland. 　　Concerning the immigration affairs and management of Taiwan, the author proposed the following suggests. First, the position of Immigration Agency needs to be clear. Second, Taiwan should propose the Immigration Policy and integrate the relevant immigration regulations into one. Third, legal immigrants should have more guarantees in their rights. Fourth, Taiwan should have a broadly perspective to resolve the illegal/irregular immigration problems.