華語母語者之中文識詞量研究-以大陸受試者為研究對象

詞彙在語言教學中佔有重要的份量，識詞量是人與詞彙的基本關係體現之一，識詞量不僅影響語言分級與教材編撰，也影響語言課程與教學的份量。學術界在識詞量相關研究多是以英文為基礎開展的實驗，本研究則以中文識詞量為主軸，以了解華語母語者的識詞量為目的，藉以錨定出語言分級的上層基準。日後可作為華語教學及中文教育之能力分級和高級教材編寫之參考。本文為一項詞彙研究計畫之一部分，以台灣中央研究院「現代漢語語料庫」4.0所收詞彙為本，刪除含有數字、外語及詞綴重複之詞，共餘 151,096 個詞作為測試內容，按詞頻列成詞表，由受試者先經過講習及練習後，由其逐一判斷自己是否認識該詞語的意思，能完成全部詞語辨認者才納為初測數據，再進行查測，即要求受試者解釋測試稿中的部分詞語，以進行確認與數據調校。共有12名不同性別、年齡及學歷的中國大陸籍的漢語母語者完成測試，研究結果，受測者的中文識詞量：最低者為58,286個，最高者為113,648個，平均識詞量為83,525個。通過受測者身份背景的數據對比，本研究發現，漢語母語者的識詞量高低，影響因素主要是年齡、學歷；其次為背景因素、詞語常用度、判斷嚴謹度；性別因素影響最小。

關鍵字

華語；母語者；識詞量；中國大陸

並列摘要

Vocabulary plays an important role in language teaching. Vocabulary size is one of the basic relationships between people and vocabulary. Vocabulary size not only affects language classification and textbook compilation, but also affects the weight of language curriculum and teaching. Most of the researches on vocabulary size are based on English. This study focuses on Chinese vocabulary size, aiming at understanding the vocabulary size of native Chinese speakers. In the future, it can be used as a reference for the ability grading of Chinese teaching and Chinese education and the compilation of advanced teaching materials. This paper is a part of a vocabulary research project. Based on the vocabulary collected from the Balanced Corpus of Academia Sinica, we delete the words containing numbers, foreign languages and affixes. We have 151,096 words as the test content. We make a vocabulary according to the frequency of words. Only those who can identify all the words can be accepted as the initial test data, and then they are asked to explain some words in the test draft for confirmation and data adjustment. A total of 12 mainland Chinese native speakers of different genders, ages and educational backgrounds completed the test. The results show that the lowest vocabulary is 58,286 words, the highest vocabulary is 113,648 words, and the average vocabulary is 83,525 words. The researchers found that the amount of word recognition of Chinese native speakers is mainly affected by age and educational background, while the background factors, the degree of common use of the words themselves, and the degree of rigor of the subjects themselves also have a certain impact on it, only the gender factor has a small impact.