編導式攝影手法應用於澎湖社會議題影像創作研究

影像科技的進步，使我們正身處攝影最蓬勃發展的時代，比起其他平面表現形式而言，攝影更具強而有力的真實說服感。攝影的進化已從技術導向的肖像攝影，到時間佐證的紀實攝影，再成為藝術的表現媒材，至今攝影已做為語言來傳達訊息與概念。攝影師透過主觀意識的介入與編導，將生活文化議題、社會議題、抽象概念或個人心境等作為表現概念文本，經過拍攝前的符號安排與編導，透過畫面的呈現來刺激觀者達到引起關注的作用。本研究以編導式攝影為探討主題，梳理攝影藝術歷史脈絡與發展，透過文獻分析綜合過去學者研究，釐清編導式攝影的表現手法，再以圖像敘事理論與鏡頭語彙手法作為影像構成的依據。案例研究以國際攝影比賽（International Photography Awards, IPA）專業組2015～2020年得獎作品為取樣範圍，內容篩選以人文、藝術及廣告等三類為取樣基準，共30 件作品，從中解析畫面符號的應用及鏡頭語彙與主題的相互表現關係，作為後續創作之參考。本研究創作以澎湖現存社會議題為內容，分別從海洋垃圾、島嶼人口老化、觀光季半年、廢棄蚊子館等四個主題進行創作，每主題各5 件作品，共計20 件作品。經過創作驗證後，獲得結論有四點：一、編導式攝影中真人、假人或木偶等有「人」意象的運用，對於議題傳達更直接且具說服力，其中以真人表演為最。二、編導式攝影的主題文本，可透故事的符號安置，傳達影像創作的意義與內涵。三、編導式攝影師多以個人生活經驗為創作文本，其手法以「戲劇編導式」表現「生活文化議題」為最常見的創作組合。四、拍攝以水平視角最接近常人的立足點，用以詮釋中景、遠景、全景等三種構圖佈局為最適合表現編導式攝影的鏡頭語彙。

關鍵字

社會議題；圖像敘事；影像創作；編導式攝影

並列摘要

With the development of imaging technology, we are now in the most flourishing era of photography. Compared with other forms of graphic expression, photography is more powerful and persuasive. Photography has evolved from technically oriented portrait photography, to the witness of time as documentary photography, to an artistic medium of expression, and now into a language that conveys messages and concepts. Through the intervention of subjective consciousness, the photographer uses cultural and social issues, abstract concepts or their personal state of mind as the conceptual text of expression and arranges and stages the symbols before shooting, stimulating the viewer's attention through the presentation of the picture. This study takes staged photography as its research subject to demonstrate the history and development of photographic art. Through document analysis to summarize scholarly sources, the expressions of staged photography are clarified, and the theory of image narrative and lens vocabulary of expression as the basis for image composition are explained. The case studies focus on the 2015 to 2020 winning works from the International Photography Awards (IPA) professional category, covering the three categories of humanities, art and advertising, with a total of 30 pieces The application of symbols in the images and the relationship between the lens vocabulary and shooting themes are analyzed as a reference for subsequent creation. The research-creation is based on existing social issues in Penghu. The four themes are marine garbage, an aging population, half-year tourism, and neglected property. Five pieces of artwork are created for each theme, totaling 20 pieces. After verifying theories through creative works, four conclusions are obtained. (1) Real people, dummies or puppets with human imagery in staged photography are more direct and persuasive in conveying issues, among which real people are the most effective. (2) The imagery’s subject text can be placed through the story’s symbols to convey the image’s meaning. (3) Most of the staged photographers use personal life experiences as their creative text, and the most common creative combination is to express life and cultural issues through the use of a dramatic stage. (4) The three compositional layouts, medium, far, and panorama, are the lens vocabulary most suited to staged photography.