高齡失智者居住空間中知覺感受及環境調整之探討－以臺灣團體家屋機構為例

本研究旨在針對高齡失智者居住環境的「知覺感受」及「環境調整」之「空間動線」與「建築材料」深入探討，（一）瞭解失智症個案對團體家屋視覺、嗅覺與聽覺之「知覺感受」，提供更舒適與人性的居住環境、（二）結合高齡失智者的居住環境，思考如何設計出更好的「空間動線」以避免跌倒、減少空間迷失感、（三）選擇更符合高齡失智患者居住的「建築材料」，做出「環境調整」，改善現有的居住環境。本研究以三位團體家屋之管理人員為訪談對象，並對團體家屋之照顧人員進行開放式網路問卷發放，共回收13份問卷。本研究針對研究結果提出以下結論，希冀透過這些建議，讓團體家屋的居住環境更友善，以期有效地延緩失智症。（一）原有建築自然無法針對空間動線做更動，尤其是長輩房間內並無衛浴設備，故僅能建議未來團體家屋針對空間動線做更周全的考慮。（二）針對長輩房間內部陽光透進來的窗戶，適當採用遮光及半遮光的窗簾，來增加私密性及控制陽光進來的光線。另外，大多家屋均採用白色燈光，建議可與暖色調的黃光互相搭配，增加夜晚房間內的溫暖感受及視覺上的柔和。（三）在選擇塑膠地磚鋪設時，建材之耐水性、吸水性和止滑係數均須達到標準以上，盡可能減少拼接的機會，即可減少異味殘留的機會。（四）在使用輕隔間基礎材料，材料需符合CNS國家認證外，在材質上亦需多加篩選，以達到隔音、防火的效果。

關鍵字

團體家屋；知覺感受；環境調整；空間動線；建築材料

並列摘要

The aim of the research is therefore threefold. First, understanding how the elderly with dementias feel in sight, smell, and hearing in group houses, to offer a comfortable living environment. Second, combining the elder’s living environment, to think out how to design a better spatial flow to avoid falling. Third, selecting better construction materials that are friendly to the elderly with dementia, also to improve their living environment. The method to carry out this study was using an interview with the manager of three group houses, and a web survey of the staff of group houses. it was collected total of 13 questionnaires. According to the research results, we wish to make the following proposals. We hope these suggestions make the living environment of the group house more friendly and make the elderly with dementias delay the disease.1. The spatial flow of the original building cannot be changed, especially since the elderlies’ rooms do not have a bathroom. Therefore, we can only suggest the future group house to make more comprehensive considerations in the spatial flow.2. For the windows in elderlies’ rooms, light-shielding and semi-shielding curtains are appropriately used to increase privacy and control the light coming in. In addition, most group houses use white lighting and can try to match with warm yellow light to increase the warmth and visual softness in the room at night.3. When choosing the vinyl tile, the water resistance, water absorption, and anti-slip coefficient of the construction materials must be above the standard, to reduce the chance of splicing as much as possible to reduce the chance of odor residue.4. The materials of dry walls should comply with the CNS national certification, and also need more screening to achieve the effect of sound insulation and fire prevention.