高中生目標感狀態與學校因素及心理適應之關聯研究

本研究旨在探討高中生目標狀態類型與生活滿意度、憂鬱情緒及學校脈絡因素（學校歸屬感、導師支持、同儕支持）的關聯，並探討學校生活經驗對高中生目標感發展的影響。本研究使用混合研究法之序列混合設計，先收集問卷資料以探究高中生目標狀態的類型及各類型與研究變項的相關性，再使用半結構性訪談以探討學校生活經驗對高中生目標感發展的影響。研究對象來自苗栗縣某公立高中，共針對446位學生（男生164人、女生282人）進行問卷填答，其中有20位學生（男女各半）並於相隔一年之後接受訪談。研究工具為青少年生活目標感量表、生活滿意度量表、憂鬱情緒量表、學校生活經驗量表，以及青少年目標感訪談題目。量化分析結果如下：（1）目標定向型學生的生活滿意度、情緒適應、學校歸屬感、導師支持及同儕支持皆為最佳；（2）目標混淆型學生的生活滿意度、學校歸屬感、導師支持及同儕支持皆為最低；（3）目標未定型學生之學校歸屬感僅高於目標混淆型，而憂鬱情緒則是在四種類型中偏高；（4）目標早閉型學生的生活滿意度和導師支持顯著高於目標未定型與目標混淆型，而憂鬱情緒亦顯著低於目標未定型與目標混淆型。質性分析歸納出高中生目標狀態類型變化的四種模式：（1）目標狀態類型維持高確認及高尋找程度；（2）目標狀態類型由低確認程度改變為高確認程度；（3）目標狀態類型由低尋找程度改變為高尋找程度；（4）目標狀態類型由較高的確認或尋找程度改變為較低的確認或尋找程度。本研究之重要研究貢獻為：（1）深入了解高中生目標感發展歷程，讓後續研究者以及實務現場的教師能更了解此時期學生的目標感發展狀態及不同變化模式之特色；（2）針對學校脈絡因素進行了解，並針對不同目標狀態類型的學生之輔導策略提出實務建議；（3）採用混合研究取向進行研究，透過量化資料與質性資料的相互佐證，增加對高中生目標感發展歷程的全面性了解。

關鍵字

目標感；目標確認；目標尋找；生活滿意度；憂鬱情緒；同儕支持；導師支持；學校歸屬感

並列摘要

The present study aimed to explore the associations among purpose status, school belonging, teacher support, peer support, life satisfaction and psychological adjustment of high school students. The study recruited 446 senior high school students from Miaoli County. The measurement tools were Adolescent Life Purpose Scale, Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale (short version), School Experience scale, and interview questions. The study used a sequential mixed research design including questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview. The major findings of quantitative analysis were as follow: 1. The students with Achieved purpose status reported highest levels of school belonging, teacher support, peer support and life satisfaction, as well as better psychological adjustment. 2. The students with Diffused purpose status reported lowest levels of school belonging, teacher support, peer support, life satisfaction and psychological adjustment. 3. The students of Uncommitted purpose status had higher level of school belonging than the students of Diffused purpose status, and had relatively higher level of depression. 4. The students of Foreclosed purpose status had higher levels of life satisfaction as well as teacher support and had lower level of depression, opposed to the students of Diffused and Uncommitted purpose status. The analysis of interview data showed that there were four paths of changes in purpose status among senior high school students within one-year interval: (1) Both of the levels of purpose commitment and purpose exploration were stable; (2) The level of purpose commitment increased; (3) The level of purpose exploration increased; and (4) Either the level of commitment or the level of exploration decreased. Different effects of school experiences on these four paths were summarized.

並列關鍵字

purpose ； purpose commitment ； purpose exploration ； life satisfaction ； depression ； peer support ； teacher support ； school belonging

參考文獻

Chen, H.-Y., & Cheng, C.-L. (2020). Developmental trajectory of purpose identification during adolescence: Links to life satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 80, 10–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.013

Frankl, V. E. (1967). Logotherapy and existentialism. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 4(3), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087982

Helsen, M., Vollebergh, W., & Meeus, W. (2000). Social support from parents and friends and emotional problems in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(3), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005147708827

Malin, H., Morton, E., Nadal, A., & Smith, K. A. (2019). Purpose and coping with adversity: A repeated measures, mixed-methods study with young adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 76, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.015

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306

國際替代計量

高中生目標感狀態與學校因素及心理適應之關聯研究

主題瀏覽