臺灣都市公園永續景觀評估系統之研究

永續指標有助於衡量國家與地區開發時對自然環境造成的影響，提供客觀的衡量基準，作為政策制定、計畫研擬與設計規劃方案之參考。臺灣都市地區地狹人稠，高強度的開發，造成生態環境的破壞，生物多樣性流失，而台灣僅有綠建築（EEWH）評估指標對環境開發進行永續評估，尚乏建築外的綠地開發評估系統驗證其永續效益。本研究目的為建構一套適用於臺灣都市公園開發之景觀評估系統，以利後續都市於綠地空間規劃、居住環境創造、社會福利福祉與經濟產業發展等之綢繆。爰此，本研究採用PSR系統作為評估系統理論基礎，針對環境開發現況（State）制定評估項目，於環境開發壓力（Pressure）來源及未來評估系統配套措施回應（Response）進行共識調查，完備評估系統之架構。過程採用半結構式訪談與專家問卷確立初構評估系統之內容效度，再進行二次專家問卷調查，回收十八份有效問卷後，建立臺灣都市公園永續景觀評估系統，於臺北市「松榮公園」與「永春陂濕地公園」施行驗證，奠定評估系統之共識與結論。經二次實證結果得知，本評估系統係基於多個國外永續土地開發評估系統與臺灣都市綠地環境限制條件下之芻議系統，內容主要分為土地利用評估、規劃與設計、使用與創新三大類別，共計48個評估項目，其中「規劃與設計」類別佔整體評估系統分數比例最高，「土地利用評估」次之，最後為「使用與創新」，顯示指標著重於「開發行為」評定，並確認評估系統於現階段的可行性與使用價值，研究建議為利後續實務操作使用，仍需更多案例研究確認與探討修正。期藉由本指標系統之建立，推廣臺灣永續景觀概念外，亦作為公部門及學術相關研究之參酌建議。

關鍵字

PSR 系統；都市公園；永續景觀；評估指標系統；專家問卷調查

並列摘要

The “Establishment of Sustainability Indicators” helps to measure the impact of national and regional development on the natural environment, provides an objective benchmark for measurement, and serves as a reference for policy formulation, plan research and design. As well as relevant documents, it is found that Taiwan is crowded in urban areas, and high-intensity development has caused the destruction of the ecological environment and the decline of biological diversity. However, Taiwan only has green building evaluation manual (EEWH), which can carry out sustainable assessment for building environmental development. There is no effective assessment system for green space development outside the building to verify its sustainable benefits. Therefore, the establishment of a landscape assessment system suitable for the development of urban parks in Taiwan will facilitate the subsequent planning of urban green space planning, living environment creation, social welfare, and economic and industrial development. In view of this, this study used the PSR model as the theoretical basis of the evaluation system, and formulates evaluation projects for the environmental development state, and conducted consensus surveys on the causes of environmental development pressure and response to future assessment system supporting measures, and complete the system architecture of the assessment system. Semi-structured interviews and expert questionnaires were used to establish the content validity of the preliminary evaluation system, and then conducted a second expert questionnaire survey. There were 18 valid questionnaires collected to modify the assessment of Taiwan’s urban parks. The landscape evaluation system was verified in Taipei City’s "Song Rong Park" and "Yong Chun Pi Wetland Park" to establish the consensus of the evaluation system. The results of the evaluation system is based on a number of foreign sustainable land development evaluation systems and the existing conditions of Taiwan’s urban green space environment. The content is divided into three categories: land use assessment, planning and design, usage and innovation. There are 48 assessment items in total. Among them, the category of "planning and design" accounts for the highest percentage of the overall assessment system, followed by "land use assessment", and finally "usage and innovation" shows that the indicator focuses on the evaluation of "design and construction” and confirms the feasibility and usability value of the evaluation system at the current stage. There are recommendations for future research, to facilitate the subsequent practical operation and use, and more case studies are needed to modify and confirm the assessment. In addition to promoting the concept of sustainable landscape in Taiwan through the establishment of this indicator system. The result could serve as a reference for public sector and related academic related.