民眾參與路跑賽事環境保護行為之研究

近年來臺灣路跑產業迅速發展，民眾對於路跑運動賽事有極大的熱誠與參與度。然而，大型體育賽事雖能帶動相關產業發展與地方經濟收入增加，在賽事過後會產生許多一次性垃圾。國內目前探究馬拉松路跑活動中進行對環境保護行為之研究與文獻較少，本研究以計畫行為理論(Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB)為理論基礎，使用問卷調查法設計問卷並且交由多位專家學者進行審查，探討民眾對於參與賽事所產生一次性垃圾與對參加路跑賽事推動環境保護行為之「態度」、「主觀規範」、「知覺行為控制」、「行為意圖」、「行為」，以及路跑參與者其環保行為與個人背景變項探討各個變項之間關聯性。本研究使用 SPSS26 進行資料分析，採用描述性統計與推論性統計進行彙整，並且分析問卷結果。影響民眾參與路跑賽事環境保護行為，以計畫行為理論分析影響因子，影響程度較大者為「行為意圖」對「行為」，其次依據影響程度的大小，依序為「知覺行為控制」對「行為意圖」、「態度」對「行為意圖」、「知覺行為控制」對「行為」，而「主觀規範」對於「行為意圖」無直接關係。本研究結果顯示，女性在參與路跑賽事時對於環境保護的「知覺行為控制」、「行為意圖」及「行為」優於男生。「有聽說過或知道環保路跑賽事」的路跑賽事參與者，在推動環境保護的態度、主觀規範變項結果較好。年齡較大路跑賽事參與者，在計畫行為理論結構分析中，各方面之變項表現較好。至於其他的變項，例如居住地、學歷、職業、參加路跑賽事頻率、路跑花費金額、月收入、路跑賽事資歷，對於其環境保護的態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制、行為意圖、行為皆無顯著差異性。

關鍵字

路跑；馬拉松；環境保護行為；計畫行為理論

並列摘要

The road running industry has developed rapidly in recent years in Taiwan, and the people have great enthusiasm and participation in road running sports events. However, although large- scale sports events can drive the development of related industries and increase local economic income, a lot of disposable waste could be generated after the events. At present, there are few researches and documents on environmental protection behaviors of exploring marathons in Taiwan. This research is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), using questionnaire survey method to design questionnaires and submitting them to a number of experts and scholars for review to discuss how people feel about the competition. This survey has detected their personal background for road race participants, such as their gender, age, occupation, and residence, etc. I also detected all reasons, such as how disposable waste generation occurs and, found their causality in Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavior Control, Behavioral Intention, and how Pro-environmental Behavior occurs. These reasons could be related to how they have been aware of environmentally friendly related to road races, income, and the average amount of participation in the competition a year, etc. I have explored all the correlations between each variable. In this study, SPSS26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were also used to aggregate and analyze the results of the questionnaire. Regarding to environmental protection behaviors in road races, I have detected that the highest factor in the theoretical analysis of Planned Behavior is Behavioral Intention versus Behavior, followed by Perceived Behavioral Control versus Behavioral Intention, Attitude versus Behavioral Intention, Perceived Behavioral Control versus Behavior. I detected that Subjective Norm represented no direct relationship to Behavioral Intention. The results of this study shown that women’s Perceived Behavioral Control, Behavioral Intention and Behaviors towards environmental protection are better than that of men’s when participating in road races. Participants in road races who have heard of or knew about environmental road races have better presentation in their Attitude and Subjective Norm. Elder Participants at road races performed better in all variables regarding to the structure of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Other variables, such as: current residence, education, occupation, average number of road races a year, how much money is spent on road races each year, and current monthly income whether you have heard of or know the content of environmental protection races, qualifications to participate in road races, are no significant differences in their Attitude, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control, Behavioral Intention, and their Pro- environmental Behavior.